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Tuesday, August 6, 2013

မဲဇာဆုိ ေရႊလည္ထဲက



rJZmqkd
a&TvnfxJu
xD;csKdifharmifjidrf;om

       ]]rJZm}}[kMum;vkdufonfESifh rJZmawmifajctpcsDaom &wkcHpm;csufudk jrefrm wkdif; owd&aeMuygonf/ xkdYaMumifh rJZmt&yfonf pm&Iolrsm;ESifhuRrf;0ifjyD;aeyg onf/ uRrf;0ifjyD;aom rJZmjrpfonf ,cktcgwGif xD;csKdifhjrdKUatmufydkif; 8-rkdift uGm&Sd ]]anmifyifom}}&GmteD;wGif {&m0wDjrpfESifhaygif;qkHvsuf &Sdonf/

rJZm ESpf&Gm
       rJZmjrpfurf;wGif ]]rJZm}}[laom trnfjzifh &GmESpf&Gm wnf&Sdygonf/ rEÅav; jrpfMuD;em;&xm;vrf;c&D;pOfwGif blwm&yfaom ]]rJZm&Gm}}(tif;awmfjrdKUe,f)ESifhxD; csKdifhjrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd ]]rJZm&Gm}}wkdYjzpfMuygonf/
       ,if;ESpf&GmpvkH;rSm rJZmjrpf\ta&SUbufurf;rSmyif wnf&SdaeMujyD; w&GmESifh w&Gm 12-rkdifrQ uGma0;ygonf/ tv,fwGif ]]uif;prf;awmif}}jcm;ygao;onf/
       xkdYaMumifh a'ocHvlrsm;u rJZmjrpf&kd;jrpfpOfudk tydkif;uefYxm;&m rJZmjrpft xufydkif;onf ucsifjynfe,fESifhAef;armufjrdKUe,fwGif yg0ifvsuf rJZmjrpftv,f ykdif;onf tif;awmfjrdKUe,fwGif yg0ifjyD; rJZmjrpfatmufykdif;onf xD;csKdifjrdKUe,füyg 0ifum jzwfoef;pD;qif;í {&m0wDjrpfESpfaygif;qkHygonf/ rJZm&Gmrsm;udk a&maxG; íac:rnfpdk;ojzifh &xm;vrf;ay:&Sd rJZm&Gmtm; ]]oHvrf; rJZm}} ? odkYr[kwf ]]rJZm MuD;&Gm}} odkYr[kwf ]]txufrJZm}}[k ac:Muonf/ xD;csKdifhjrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd rJZm&Gm tm; ]]rJZmav;}}&Gm odkYr[kwf ]]atmufrJZm}}[k cGJjcm;ac:avh&SdMuygonf/
       wwd,t0jrdKUwnfrif; qifjzL&Sif(1125-1138)vufxufü rif;vuf0JokE´& tm; 'PfcwfcJhí rJZmjrdKU&dk; tnmopfawmtwGif; ydkYaqmifap&m (u)rnfonfh ae&ma&muf&Sdí pcef;csxm;aMumif; (c) xkdacwfumv vlUtzGJUtpnf;ywf0ef;usif ,Ofaus;rItaMumif;wdkYudk taxmuftxm; &Sm&efvnf; vkdvmygonf/

rJZmMuD;&Gm
       jAdwdoQacwfü rEÅav;ESifhjrpfMuD;em; rD;&xm;vrf;azmufvkyf&m rJZmjrpfudk jzwfí oHwHwm;wnfaqmuf&ygonf/ xkdwHwm;udk ouú&mZf 1255-ckESpfwGifpjyD; aqmuf&m 1258-ckESpfrS jyD;pD;ygonf/ xdkwHwm;wnfaqmufpOfumvü oHvrf; ukvm;ulvDrsm;? t&yftvkyform;rsm;jzifh pnfum;vsuf &Sdaeygonf/ xkdpOfjrpful; wHwm;teD;rS ozef;qdyf&GmrSm rJZmjrpfa& wkdufpm;jydKysuf&m oHvrf;tvkyform;pk a0;ae&modkY ajymif;a&TUvmMuojzifh wpwp &Gmjzpfvmygonf/ 1264-ckESpfwGif ]]jrpfurf;tkwfusif;&Gm}}rSmvnf; rD;avmifí &Gmysuf&m vlpnfum;p&Sdaom oHvrf; teD;odkY wkd;csJUajymif;vmojzifh &GmMuD;w&Gm jzpfvmum ]]rJZm&Gm}}[k trnfay;Muyg onf/ wjznf;jznf;  vlaepdyf tdrfajcrsm;vmojzifh jAdwdoQacwfü tpdk;&u blwm pOfwGif wkd;csJUowfrSwfay;ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh rJZmMuD;&GmrSm jAdwdoQacwfrS pnfum; cJhaom &Gmjzpfojzifh vuf0JokE´&acwfESifhEIdif;pmu xkdae&modkYa&mufaMumif; r a&mufaMumif; jyóemrSm &Sif;oGm;ygjyD/

rJZmav;&Gm
       rJZmav;&GmodkY xD;csKdifhjrdKUrS ukef;vrf;twkdif; oGm;vQif 8-rkdifa0;ygonf/ {&m 0wDjrpfESifhaygif;qkHonfhanmifyifom&Gm]]rJZmjrpf0}}rS jrpfpOftwkdif; qefwufoGm; vQif-
(1)anmifyifom
(2)r,fZvD
(3)'dk;yif
(4)rdacsmif;tdkuf
(5)0JMuD;
(6)awmr
(7)rkwf0
(8)vif;ydkifwif
(9)qifjzLqdyf
(10)a&aygufMuD;
(11)aygufyifauGU
(12)ZD;aomif
(13)om,mukef;
(14)rJZmav;&GmwkdYjzpfygonf/
       xkdrJZmav;&GmodkY jrpf0rS a&rkdiftm;jzifh 19-rkdifrQ uGma0;ygonf/ rJZmav; &Gm\taemufbufurf;wGif ]]vufzm;}}? ]]pDwkH}}[laom &Srf;&Gmrsm;rSm csKHEG,fMudrf awmrsm;wGif &Gma[mif;ukef;tjzpf &Sdonfudk awGU&onf/

rJZmjrpf
       rJZm[laomtrnfudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmvQif (rJ+Zm)jzpfí rJ=rJonf+Zm=a& t a[mjzpfygonf/ xkdYaMumifh rJZm[lonf (a&rJjrpf)[kt"dyÜg,f&ygonf/ a&rJjrpfac: wGif&jcif;udk qef;ppf&m yifrjrpfzsm;cHí pD;qif;cJhaom rJZmjrpfrSm trnfwGif& avmufatmif aemufusdrJnpfjcif;r&Sdygacs/ rJZmav;&Gm txuf 1-rkdifrQa0;aom atmifomukef;&GmwGif ta&SUbufuHhaumfawmifMum;rSqif;aom uGrf;abmifacsmif; onf rJZmjrpfESifhaygif;qkHjyef&m ndKrJnpfykyfeDusH&if;pGJ&Sdaom uGrf;abmifacsmif;\ vTrf;rkd;rIudk cH&ojzifh rJZmjrpfatmufydkif;onf rJnpfpGm pD;qif;cJh&onf/

       udk;odef;ocif\nDawmf apmfbGm; t*Fg wnfaom refvnfig;&Gm(eef;yg;? cif vdef? tif;awm? yifonf? uGrf;abmif)teuf uGrf;abmif&GmteD;wGif aygif;qkHonfh  ]]a>ra[mufacsmif;}}ESifh]]romacsmif;}}aygif;qkH&mrS uGrf;abmifacsmif;tjzpf pD;qif; jyD; rJZmjrpfwGifwzefaygif;qkHvmojzifh rJZmjrpfrSm qkd;&Gm;aomjrpfjzpfcJh&awmhonf/
       xkdYaMumifh awmESifhawmif jrdKifESifhacsmif tusnf;wefí t[kefjyif;aomrJZm &yf0ef;onf orkdif;acwf\&mZ'Pfajr jzpfcJhonfrSm rqef;ygacs/

rJZm&Gmvnf
       *syfqiftbd"mefü ]]rJZma&Tvnfudk &mZ0wfom;wkdY ydkYaqmif&m iSufzsm;xl aom ao&Gmpcef;[k ,lqonfhtxufjrefrmjynf jrpfqkHteD;a'o}}[k jyqkdxm; onf/ wzef r[maqG\ bdk;0ZD&pmtkyfü ]]{&m0wDjrpf taemufbufrJZmacsmif; [m taemufu ta&SUudk pD;qif;w,f/ jrpfta&SUuvJ a&TvDjrpf[m w&kwfjynf e,fpyfuae pD;qif;w,f/ 'gaMumifh rJZma&TvDvkdYac:wmaygh}}[k a&maxG;qufpyf wifjyxm;ygonf/
       taetxm; obm0csif;vnf; rwl? a&cHajrcHcsif;vnf; jcm;em;aeaomrJZm jrpfESifha&TvDjrpfonf {&m0wDjrpfwGif aygif;qkHjcif;wlaomfvnf; rkdif(40)cefYuGma0; Muygonf/ pmayynm&Sifrsm;onf (a&Tvnf)ESifh(a&TvD)ta&;trSwf cRwfacsmfrI aMumifh jyóemt&Iyft&Sif;rsm; jzpfcJh&onf/
       rJZma&Tvnf[k (n)owfESifha&;aom a&Tvnfonf rJZmav;&Gm\ta&SU 2- rkdifcefY&Sd &Gmtrnf a&Tvnfjzpfayonf/ rJZmESifhrJZma&Tvnf[laomtrnfudk awmif ilacwfaESmif;twGif; tapmqkH;awGU&dS&ygonf/ ,if;trnfudk armfzDjrdKUolMuD; ig aomMum? eHt*Fg touf 75? ighapmykeH weif;vm touf 55? ¤if;wkdY ay;oGif; aome,fykH ppfwrf;ü-
       ]]ouú&mZf228-ck? waygif;vjynfhausmf(9)&uf? Ak'¨[l;aeYoef;vGJ 7-z0g;wGif oD&d"r®maomurif;MuD; wnfxm;jyKpkcJhonfhtwkdif; xyfí ouú&mZf 969-ck? wydkY wGJvjynfhausmf (10)&uf?  t*FgaeYwGif anmif&rf;rif;w&m;MuD; tpktief;vkyfajr? e,fajrpm;ajr? y,fjcm;e,fjcm; 4-&yf? opfpnf;0g;pnf; jrdKUjyaus;&Gme,fy,f? tpkdY tief;ppfwrf; vlpkzGJU jznfhoGif;ay;onfhumvwGif trwfoa&ysHcsDeE´a,mf"mwdkYudk apí txufjrpfpOfwavQmuf jrdKUaygif; aumif;wkHjrdKU? aumif;pifjrdKU? &if;cJjrdKU? xD; csKdifhjrdKU? ig&kHjrdKU? jrawmifjrdKU? cRef;awmifjrdKU? waumif;jrdKU? Mumn§yfjrdKU? prÜm,fe*dkjrdKU? ig;yyf&Gm? ipnfhul;jrdKU? ausmufiEGm;? ausmufajrmif;jrdKU? refvnfig;&Gm? a&ay:rD;ig; &Gm? (rJZma&Tvnf)rkd;wm;jrdKU? ig&ifjrdKU? a&TuljrdKU pí atmufjrpfpOftwkdif; jrdKUaygif; 528? &Gmaygif; 1245-wnforkwfonf...}}[kyg&Sdonf/ (armfzD 969 ZrÁL'DyO aqmif;usrf;)/
       rJZma&Tvnft&yfudk rkd;nif;rif;w&m;vufxufü a&S;u ysufpD;zl;aom jrdKU &Gmrsm;tm; jyefvnfwnfxm;jcif;pm&if;wGif awGU&Sd&ygonf/

a&S;a&;uAsmESifha&Tvnf&Gm ppfwrf;
       ]]arG;arav;qkdvkdYqJ? tdrfcGJvkdYaqmuf&atmif
       rJZmqkd a&TvnfxJu? 0g;wGJcJhwJharmif
       tdrfESpfaqmif us,fus,faqmufrS
       aeavmufr,f ysKdoufxm;&,f
       om;awGursm;...}}[lí a&S;a&;uAsmwyk'fwGif pyfqkdxm;&mü rJZmjrpfwGif; a&Tvnf&GmrS xGufaom0g;rsm;udk azmifzGJUwGJzkdY&ef taMumif;omjzpfayonf/
       rJZmjrpftwGif; &Gma&TvnfjzpfxkdufaMumif; ighaomMumppfwrf;ü ]]a&Tvnf&Gm rS y,fjcm; e,fjcm;av;&yf? opfpnf;0g;pnf; 0g;wGJolMuD; ia&; ESpfpOfcGefr cGefao; 50? ewfMuD; 90? awm 12&yf? opfoD;cGef? za,mif;cGef? Mudrf? oifjzL;? ysm;&nf? avQmf? tcGefawmfrsm;? wESpf 128 tcGefoGif;e,fy,fykH...}}[kyg&Sd&m a&Tvnf&Gm 0g;wGJolMuD; ia&; trIxrf;&m y,fjcm;? e,fjcm;av;&yf tydkif;tjcm;udk jyqkdxm;yg onf/
       xkdYaMumifh rJZmjrpfteD; &Gma&Tvnfudkom jyqkdjcif;jzpfí pmayynm&Sifrsm; ,lqouJhodkY (jrpfa&TvD)r[kwfaMumif; aumufcsufcs&ef &Sdayonf/

jrpfa&TvD
       a&TvDjrpfonf w&kwfEkdifiHxefa,G;(rkd;ysOf;)ta&SUajrmufbuf rkdif 60-tuGm rS jrpfzsm;cHjyD; taemufbufodkY pD;0ifum erfhcrf;jrdKUteD;rS jzwfoef;í rkd;rdwfe,fodkY 0ifjyD; jrpfqkHodkY a&mufaomtcg ajrmufbufokdY vSnfhpD;vsuf ]]tif;&Gm}}txufwGif {&m0wDESifhaygif;qkHygonf/
       a&TvDjrpfudk csDcifvGifjyifokdYra&mufrD w&kwfwdkYu ]vGefusef}(0g)]vGefcRefusef} [kac:í &Srf;wkdYu(erfh,ef)[kac:Muonf/ csDcifvGifjyif ausmfaomtcg (erfhapm) [kwGifjyefonf/ t&Snftm;jzifh rkdif 260-&Sdí jrpfqkHa&mufrS jrpfaMumif;us,fvm onf/ (rkd;ukwfe,frS pD;qif;onfh tif;acsmif;ESifhrkd;rdwfteD; pD;onfh erfhrdwfacsmif; wkdYa&TvDjrpfxJ aygif;qkH&mudk jrpfqkH[k ac:onf/)
       a&TvDjrpf0ef;ae &Srf;wkdYu usOf;ajrmif;aom acsmufMudKajrmifMum;rS pD;vm onfudk pGJí ]&SnfvD? a[GvD}[lívnf;aumif;? at;jrí eDndKaom tqif;&Sdojzifh erfhrif;(0g)erfharm[k ac:Mu\/ a&TvDrSm ig;rnf&jrpfjzpfygonf/
       xkdYaMumifh rJZmjrpfESifha&TvDjrpfonf tac:eD;aomfvnf; rkdiftm;jzifh rsm;pGm uGmvSrf;vSygonf/ trnfwl trSwfrSm;jyóemrSm pmaye,fü wifusefvsuf&Sd onfudk uGufvyfjznfhzkdY vkdtyfvmygonf/

a*smhpaumh\rJZmawmif
       a*smhpaumh\rSwfwrf;t& ]]rJZmonf uomc&kdif taemufajrmufpGef; awmifokH;vkH;tMum; pD;qif;aom jrpfi,fjzpfonf/ ,if;jrpfonf ta&SUawmif,Gef; ,Gef;odkY pD;qif;um(xD;csKdifhtxufem;){&m0wDjrpftwGif; pD;qif;onf/ 7-vydkif; wGif jrpftwGif; avSi,frsm; rkdif 100-txd oGm;vmEkdifí *sLvkdif? Mo*kwf? pufwif bm? atmufwkdbm? Ekd0ifbmvrsm;wGif rkdif 80-txd qefwufEkdifonf/ jrefrmrif; vufxuf(rJZmawmifMum;)rS OwkoyÜg,rrQojzifh EkdifiHt0ef;rS tjypf&SdolwkdYudk ydkY aqmif&ma'ojzpfcJhonf/ owfrSwfonfhumvtxd &mZ0wfyef;udk cH,ljyD;aemuf owfrSwfonfhe,fy,ftwGif; vGwfvyfpGm oGm;vmEkdifcGifh&Sdonf[k Gazetteer of Upper Burma and Shan States ü az:jyxm;onf/
       rJZmjrpfonf Aef;armufjrdKU e,fpyftqkH;]]eefY*aZm}}? ]]umcsKdif}}? ]]avmhyef;xl}} &Gmrsm;\txuf ucsife,fpyf awmifokH;vkH;awmif uvyfaemifrDawmifrS jrpfzsm;cH jyD; ay 3000ESifhay4000-atmuf awmifrsm;udk ywfqif;um rJZmtv,fydkif;bkH acsmif; awmifuefYvefY? rif;0Hawmif? pum;yifawmif? *sKH;*sKH;us&pfqGJawmif? opfrkH ndKawmif? tifawmif? uif;prf;awmifrsm;udk ywfqif;cJhjyD; {&m0wDü aygif;qkHyg onf/ awmifMum;rSom &pfacGqif;cJh&m a*smhpaumhqkdouJhokdY oD;jcm;(rJZmawmif) [lí r&dSacs/

rJZmt&yf
       vuf0JokE´&trwfMuD; rJZmav;&Gm a&mufpOfu rJZmjrpf ta&SUbufurf;? t aemufbufurf;t&yfrsm;onf aea&mif rxkd;azmufEkdifatmif Mudrfawm? 0g;awm?  opfawmrsm; ,Sufqkdif;umqD;vsuf&Sd\/ þtaMumif;udk trwfMuD;u...
       ]]tqdkifqkdifvQif? awmjrdKifvnfvSnfh? urf;vkH;jynfhrQ? &IMunfhav&m? aMumuf zG,fomwnfh? jymjymvGvG? rIdif;ysarSmifarSmif? awmESihfawmifvnf;? wdrfawmifrkd;&Sd?  axG;a&mjidrQ? vGrf;rdpzG,f? aumif;uifvnfvsuf? awmifv,fawmifxdyf? rkd;ndK&dyf ESifh? wdrfvdyfaqmfnTef;? píxGef;onf? ae0ef;ay:vGif csifbdonf...}}[lí uAsm oDzGJUcJh\/
       rJZmt&yfü aexkdifolrsm;rSm &Srf;? uwl;? *Pef;vlrsKd;rsm;om rsm;jym;vS\/ xdkYaMumifh trwfMuD;u-
       ]]bmomuGJ0rf;? awmjrdKif0Srf;0,f? tcsrf;rwl? tylrrQ? MuKHbd&ESifh...}}[ka0 &Tef;pE´mcsD&wkü xnfhoGif;pyfqkdxm;ygonf/ (,cktcg rJZmt&yfvlrsm;rSm jrefrm ESifhaoG;csif;a&mvsuf a'ocHvlrsKd;rsm; aysmufuG,faomfvnf; "avhxkH;pHrsm; <uif; usefvsuf&Sdygonf/ rJZmav;txuf tif;wdef? avom&Gm&Sd vlMuD;tcsKdUom &Srf; pum;udk ajymMuawmhonf/)
       bmompum;uJGaomfvnf; t,l0g'rSm jrefrmhtpOftvm ylaZmfrI&SdcJhonf/ trwfMuD;taejzifhvnf; vlrsKd;jcm;tMum;aexkdifapumrl bmoma&;udk pnf;&kH;vIHU aqmfcJhaMumif; rJZmav;&Gm&Sd omoedutaqmufttkHrsm;udk&Iu odEkdifvSonf/ t rwfMuD;onf...
       ]]yGJcganmifa&? oGef;jrJaywnfh? &kdaoo'¨g? xkH;pOfvmjzifh? rJZm&yfol? awmif; qk,lonf? a&T*lawmfESifh? &Iwkdif;wifhom;}}[k pyfqkdxm;&m rJZmt&yfwGif uqkef anmifa&oGef; ylaZmfcJhaom a&T*lawmfbk&m;wkdYrSm ,cktcg rJZmav;&GmESifhudkuf 200-uGma0;aom ta&SUajrmufaxmifhwGif tkwfykHtjzpf awGU&awmhonf/

vGrf;apwDrsm;
       &mZ0wfom;trwfMuD;onf usOf;ajrmif;&IyfaxG;aom rJZmjrdKif raysmfykdufEdkif yJ &wemodcFodkYarQmfrSef;í tvGrf;jzma0&&Sm\/ qif&mwdrfac: ewfawmfrkd; oGef; jzdK;apG&Gmaomumvü ,kdzdwfysHUus,fonfhvGrf;pdwfrsm; ajyaysmuf&ef &nfoefvsuf qifjzL&Sif\bkd;awmf(oD&dr[m"r®&mZmbGJUcH rif;ndKpH)wnfxm;jyD;jzpfaom jynfa&T bdk&Sd-
       ]]wefaqmif;wpnf;? yef;vnf;wpkH? pnf;ckHESpfql? a&T*leHoifh apwDjrifh}}wkdYudk &nfa&mfvsuf apwDawmf 13-ql\ykHwludk rJZmav;&Gmü wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhonf/
       ,if;apwDawmf 13-ql\bGJUtrnfrsm;udk ]]ywfoef;aqGtkdif}}csD&wkwGif xnfh oGif;a&;pyfoDqkdcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ xkdapwD 13-ql\bGJUtrnfrsm;rSm-
(u) ZrÁLqDrD; 1-ql (c) *lMuD; 2-ql (*) a&Tvif;yif 1-ql (C) a&TjcaohF 1-ql (i)a>rapwD 1-ql (p) a&Twefaqmif; 1-ql (q) a&TwefYqnf 1-ql (Z) a&Tyef;vJ 2-ql (ps) pnf;ckH 2-ql ESifh (n) a&T*l 1-ql  pkpkaygif; 13-qljzpf&m apwDawmfrsm; udk ,ckrJZmav;&Gmxdyf bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;0if;wGif 11-ql&Sdayonf/ ESpfumv Mumí tkwfykHtwd ,kd,Gif;vsuf&Sdygonf/ wnfxm;ykHrSm rJZmjrpfESifhtjydKif 2-qlpD wef;í wnfxm;ygonf/ wqlrSm ta&SUajrmufaxmifh ukduf 200wGif v,fuGif;ü xD;xD;&Sdvsuf usef 1-qlrSm ausmif;ta&SUbuf cJwypfcefYwGif ukdif;csKHtwGif;awmif ydkYtjzpf ikyfvQKd;aeaMumif; awGU&onf/
       ukef;abmifacwf &kyf<uif;rsm;onf pmayokawoDwkdYtm; zdwfac:MudKqkd vsuf&Sdaeygonf/ ,aeY rJZmudk awGU&Sdygu trwfMuD; aysmfaeayrnf/ jyefcsifrnf vnf; r[kwfay/ Mudrfawmae&mrsm;wGif pkdufuGif;jyiftjzpf ta&SUbufurf;wckd wGifvnf;aumif;? EkddifiHtwGuf tzkd;wefopf(tm&SbPfzGJYjzdK;pDrHudef;opf)rsm;udk rJ Zmtaemufbufurf; opfawmrSvnf;aumif;? rJZmawm refusnf;yifqifusKH;rS Ekdif iHawmfqifrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; ay;a0iSaeygonf/ o,HZmwjzKd;<u,faom rJZmt vSonf jynfolrsm; t&kd;pGJaeonfh iSufzsm;awm? opfusm;awm [lonfh,kHMunfrI udk ajymif;vJapum orkdif;wacwf opfcJhayjyD/
       vuf0JokE´&\apwDrsm;udk 1325-ckESpfu refusnf;yifq&mawmfOD;*E¨rm (ysH vGef)onf bk&m;rsm;jyKjyif&ef csKHEG,frsm; &Sif;vif;cJhonf/ ratmifjrifcJhay/ rJZm av;q&mawmf OD;oD&dE´ qufvufjyKjyif&m wqlomjyD;aomfvnf; xD;rwif&rD t &yfESifhpum;rsm;í xGufoGm;ygonf/ xkdxD;rwif&aom apwDudk uomjrdKU&JrSL;MuD; OD;jrvIdifu OD;pD;í xD;awmfwifcJhygonf/ usefaomrif;vuf0J\apwDrsm;rSm tysuf b0rS rwuf&yJ qufMurnfh 'g,umudk tcgcg a&mfqvsuf arQmfwçum&SdaeMuyg onf/
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       (þaqmif;yg;a&;&mwGif (1)ZrÁL'DyOaqmif;usrf; (2) rkd;rdwf&mZ0if (3) jrefrmhpG,fpkH usrf; (4) txufjrefrmjynf a*ZufwD;&m;ESifh (5) a&Tvnfqm;wGif; bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;rS& onfh 1195-ckESpf a&;ul;yk&ydkufrlwkdYudk udk;um;n§dEIdif;ygonf/)
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