ရွမ္းႏွစ္ၿမိဳ႕စစ္တမ္း

&Srf;ESpfjrdKU ppfwrf;

wif0if;(uom)

&Srf;ESpfjrdKU ppfwrf;[lonf anmifa&TjrdKUppfwrf;ESifh&yfapmufjrdKUppfwrf;ESpfck taMumif; aqmif;yg;acgif;pD;jzpfygonf/

       ]]ppfwrf;}}qkdonfrSm a&S;jrefrmbk&ifrsm;vufxuf a'oqkdif&m tkyfcsKyfa&; wm0efcHwkdYtm; ppfcsufxkwfa&;om; rSwfwrf;wifxm;aom rSwfwrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfyg onf/ jrdKUppfwrf;yg tcsuftvufrsm;udk axmuf&Ií jrdKUorkdif;udkvnf;aumif;? jrdKU e,ftkyfcsKyfa&;udkvnf;aumif;? w&m;pD&ifa&;udkvnf;aumif;? e,fajrrsm;owfrSwf ydkif;jcm;ykHudkvnf;aumif; od&SdEkdifygonf/ &Srf;ESpfjrdKUppfwrf;udk avhvmjcif;jzifh t xufygppfwrf;oabmudk em;vnfEkdifygonf/

       &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm;onf ¤if;wkdYudk,f ¤if;wkdY wkdif;(Tai)vlrsKd;rsm;[k odxm;Muyg onf/ wkdif;ac:&Srf;wkdYonf vGwfvyfjcif;ukd jrwfEkd;Muolrsm; jzpfonf/ jrwfEkd;onf ESifhtrQ vGwfvyfa&;twGuf rsuf&nfukdvnf; ay;Mu&ef0efrav;? aoG;ukdvnf;ay; Mu&ef 0efrav;/ xkdxuf vkdtyfygao;vQif toufudkyif &uf&ufa&ma&m ay;vSL pGefYvTwf0HhMuolrsm; jzpfyg\/

       txufjrefrmEkdifiHudk t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUwkdY rw&m;odrf;oGif;vkdufonfESifh &Srf; jynfwGif vif;yifrif;om; trSL;jyKí usKdif;wkHapmfbGm;? rkd;eJapmfbGm;? &yfapmufapmf bGm;? rkdif;yGefapmfbGm;? armufr,fapmfbGm;wkdYESifhtwlrkdif;aemifjrdKUpm;? rkdif;ysif;jrdKUpm; wkdYonf vif;yifor*¾(Limbin Confederacy)udk xlaxmifjyD;MujyDjzpfonf/ vif;yifor*¾MuD;\t"duOD;wnf&nfrSef;csufrSm &Srf;jynfudk vGwfvyfaome,fajr tjzpf wnf&Sdaea&;yif jzpfyg\/

       e,fcsJUt*Fvdyfonf aoG;cGJtkyfcsKyfa&;rl(Devide and Rule Policy)ESifh&Srf; jynfudk olUuRefjyK&ef odrf;,lvmcsdefwGif vif;yifor*¾tzGJU0if &yfapmufapmfbGm; MuD;\&Srf;rsKd;cspfwyfonf toufESifhaoG;udk ay;í vGwfvyfa&;ukd umuG,fcJhMu onf/

       1886-ckESpf? ESpfOD;ykdif;ü &Srf;jynfawmifydkif; anmifa&TjrdKUtykdif pifh[,fe,f ulusKd;bk&m; awmifukef;ay:wGif ume,fpwuf'frif (Colonel Stedman)\ [rf;&Idif;,m; (Hampshire)wyfESifh&yfapmufapmfbGm;MuD;apm0dkif;\&Srf;rsKd;cspfwyf wkdY wkdufyGJjzpfyGm;Muonf/ xkdwkdufyGJwGif usqkH;cJhMuaom &Srf;rsKd;cspf(24)OD;wkdY\t oufESifhaoG;rsm;onf]]wkdif;}}[laom a0g[m&\teuft"dyÜg,fukd orkdif;ü ]]vGwf vyfjcif;udk jrwfEkd;olrsm;}}jzpfaMumif; txift&Sm; wnf&Sdae&pf&ef armfuGef;xkd;jycJh Muonf/

       xkdpOfu anmifa&TapmfbGm;MuD;p0ftkHY(tif;av;tif;wdefjrdKUpm;a[mif;)onf t*FvdyfwkdY\aoG;cGJtkyfcsKyfa&;rIdif;rdaeoljzpfonf/ tb,frQ rIdif;rdaeoenf;qkdrl &Srf;jynftm; olUuRefjyKrnfh ume,fpwuf'frif\aMu;pm;wyfrsm;twGuf tif;av; tif; ta&SUbufurf; rkdif;aomufaus;&Gm0ef;usifü tajcpkdufppfpcef;zGifh&ef ajrae &mrsm;udkyif &uf&ufa&ma&m ay;cJhonftxd jzpfygonf/ xkdYaMumifh anmifa&TjrdKU onfjAdwdoQtkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhywfoufvQif rqGuyif &Srf;jynfudk ukd,fpm;jyK&ma'o jzpfcJhonf/ jAdwdoQacwfESifhaemufydkif;umvrsm;wGifvnf; EkdifiHa&;vIyf&Sm;rI trsm; qkH;jyKcJhaom anmifa&Tonf pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m &Srf;jrdKUwpfjrdKUjzpfvmawmhonf/ anmifa&TjrdKUESifhywfoufvQif xkdjrdKU\twdwfacwfaMu;rkH jzpfaom ppfwrf;onf vnf; pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;vSyg\/ wpfzef anmifa&Tppfwrf;ESifhywfoufvmvQif &yfapmufjrdKUppfwrf;udkvnf; csefcJhírjzpfay/ awmifydkif;&Srf;jynf ta&;tcif;rsm; ESifhomru &Srf;jynfwpfjynfvkH;\ta&;tcif;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;avwkdif; anmifa&TESifh &yfapmuforkdif;wpfavQmuf xif&Sm;ausmfMum;cJhaomjrdKUrsm; jzpfMuonf/

anmifa&TjrdKUppfwrf;

       vufa&;pmrljzpfonf/ a&;olrSm b@mawmfaiGwkduf trwfaxmufOD;jidrf; jzpfonf/ anmifa&Tr[m&mZmapmfbGm;(qm)apmarmifukd,fwkdifpDpOfay;cJhonfht wkdif; p0fa&Tokdufvufxufü a&;om;aMumif;? ,if;odkYa&;om;&mwGif pmwrf;pmrSwf &mZ0ifxGuf&SdonfESifhtnD? apmfbGm;trsKd;tqufrsm;udk odrDolwkdY ajymqkdcsufrsm; ESifhn§dEIdif;a&;om;xm;aMumif; ed'gef;oG,fxm;onf/ þpmwrf;udk xyfqifha&;ul;ol rSm [J[kd;jrdKU qyf'D0DZHt&m&Sdpma&;MuD; OD;bodef;jzpfí 1944-ckESpf? rwfv(7)&uf aeYtrSwftom;jzifha&;ul;xm;aom vufa&;rljzpfygonf/

       &Srf;udk;jynfaxmif [lonfudk anmifa&Tppfwrf;wGif A[kokwjzpfzG,f atmufygtwkdif; awGU&onf/

1/    39 vkH;rkdif;  ac:   anmifa&T

2/    37 vkH;rkdif; ac:   rkd;eJ

3/    27 vkH;rdkif;  ac:   oDayg

4/    49 vkH;rkdif;  ac:   odEéD

5/    39 vkH;rkdif;  ac:   rkdif;&,f

6/    49 vkH;rkdif;  ac:   rkd;rdwf

7/    99 vkH;rkdif;  ac:   rkd;aumif;

8/    37 vkH;rkdif;  ac:   rkd;n§if;

9/    27 vkH;rkdif; ac:   uav;

       jrdKUorkdif;udk az:jy&mwGif waumif;tbd&mZm\trsKd;tEG,fjzpfaom apmf bGm;MuD;wpfOD;onf ,ckanmifa&TjrdKU ajrmufbuft&yfü aumorÇDjynfudk vufrGef rqG xlaxmifcJhaMumif;? xkdaumorÇDjynfonf yk*Htavmif;pnfolrif;vufxuf? w&kwfw&ufwkdY 0ifa&mufzsufqD;í ysufpD;oGm;aMumif;? ouú&mZf 721-ckESpfwGif qDqkdifapmfbGm;(qDqkdif)onf aumorÇDjynfysufMuD; teD;wGif a&Ttqif; &Sdaom anmifyifMuD;wpfyifudk awGU&ojzifh xkdt&yfü anmifa&T[korkwfjyD; jrdKU&Gmwnf axmiftkyfcsKyfaMumif;jzifh anmifa&TjrdKUjzpfvmykH a&;xm;onf/ þtqkdt& anmif a&TjrdKUoufonf ,ckqkdrl 627-ESpfcefYyif &SdjyDjzpfygonf/

       anmifa&Ta[mfe,f tqufqufcH pkd;pHMuaomapmfbGm;rsm; pm&if;wifxm; &m trSwfpOf(1) qDqkdifzrSonf 1289-ckESpfaemufqkH; a[mfeef;qufcHol p0fa&T okduftxd (31)OD;\trnfrsm; az:jyxm;onfudk ppfwrf;ü awGU&ygonf/

       apmfbGm;rsm;\ trnfpm&if;tjyD;wGif anmifa&T&mZ0ifcsKyf pmwrf;'kwd,wGJ tcef;(1)rS tcef;(4)txd tykd'faygif; 174-ykd'fa&;om;xm;onf/ þ'kwd,wGJwGif  apmola'0om; apmarmif tw¬KyÜwådudk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY crf;crf;em;em; az:jy xm;ygonf/ rif;wkef;rif;vufxufrS jAdwdoQvufatmufa&muf &Srf;jynfe,fta&; tcif;tcsdKUudk eD;eD;uyfuyf jywfjywfom;om; awGU&onfrSm orkdif;okawoDwkdYt wGuf taxmuftul &Ekdifp&mrsm;jzpfrnf xifygonf/

       jrefrmbk&ifrsm;vufxuf &Srf;jynfawmifykdif;apmfbGm; jrdKUpm;wkdYtay: oó ar"tcGefawmfaiG pnf;MuyfaumufcH&mwGif &Srf;ukd;jrdKU wpftdrfaxmif 5-usyfus aumufcHaMumif;? tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhywfoufí apmfbGm;rsm;vufatmufwGif usrkdif;? jrdKUpm;? aiGcGefrSL;? [def? xrkH? e,ftkyf? &Gmtkyf? Mu,f? aMumh? 10&mcdkif aumfr&Sifpm;  ponfh tqifhtqifh tkyfcsKyfa&; trIxrf;rsm;&SdaMumif; avhvmawGU&Sd&ygonf/

       þanmifa&Tppfwrf;t& 1288-ckESpf(1926ckESpf)ywf0ef;usifwGif anmifa&T jrdKUe,f tus,ft0ef; pwk&ef;rkdifaygif; 1344-rkdif? wkdufe,faygif; 74? [def? xrkH e,ftkyf? &Gmtkyfaygif; 47?  ausmif;wkdufaygif; 311-ausmif;? &Gmaygif; 1079-&Gm? tdrfajcaygif; 24981? e,faevlaygif; 111520? t&yf&yf tcGefawmfaiG 560000 –usyfausmf&&SdaMumif;ESifh tcGefb@mawmfqkdif&m aiGwkduftrwfMuD;wpfOD;ukdygcefY xm;aMumif; awGU&onf/

       t*Fvdyf-jrefrm 'kwd,ppfyGJtjyD; jrefrmhajratmufykdif;udk yJcl;e,frSpí t*F –vdyfykdife,fajrtjzpf owfrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf/ xkdpOf u&ifeDe,f(,cku,m;e,f) onf t*Fvdyf-jrefrme,fpyfjzpfvmjyD; Mu,fkzd;MuD;-Mu,fzkd;av; ta&;tcif;vnf; u&ifeDe,fü ay:vmonf/ þwGif e,fpyfjyóem&Sdvmojzifh e,fjcm;ausmufwkdif pkdufxl&ef udpöay:vmav&m jrefrmrif;ukd,fpm; anmifa&TapmfbGm;MuD;ESifht*Fvdyf ta&;ykdifa['Db&ef;wkdY awGUqkHaqG;aEG;MujyD; e,fjcm;ausmufwkdif owfrSwfpkdufxl MuaMumif; anmifa&Tppfwrf;ü awGU&onf/

       yxrurÇmppftwGuf ppfp&dwfaiG usyfESpfodef;ckepfaomif;udk 1297-ckESpfu vnf;aumif;? aiGusyfajcmufaomif;udk 1280-ckESpf(1919-ckESpf)uvnf;aumif;? jAdwdoQtpkd;&tm;vnf; anmifa&Ta[mfu xkwfacs;ay;aMumif;? jAdwdoQtpkd;&onf 5-ESpfMumrS  twkd;ESifhwuG jyefvnfay;qyfaMumif;udk awGU&onf/

       1282-ckESpfu uarÁmZya'o&mZfapmfbGm;toif; xlaxmifzGifhvSpf&ef pwif í apmfbGm;rsm; pkdif;jyif;Mu&m 1921-ckESpfwGif taumiftxnfay:vmEkdifjyD;? 6-v wpfMudrf? wpfESpfwpfMudrf awmifMuD;jrdKUü pnf;a0;MuykH? xkdtpnf;ta0;wGif tkyf csKyfa&;? tcGefb@maumufcHa&;? Oya'pnf;urf; jyKpka&;rsm; n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;MuykH ukdvnf; anmifa&TjrdKUppfwrf;wGif az:jyxm;onf/

       þanmifa&TjrdKU ppfwrf;onf anmifa&TapmfbGm;MuD; qmapmarmiftaMumif; tom;ay;a&;om;az:jyxm;onfrSm rSefaomfvnf; jrefrmbk&ifrsm;ESifhapmfbGm;rsm; qufqHa&;? jAdwdoQESifhapmfbGm;rsm;qufqHa&;? apmfbGm;tcsif;csif; qufqHa&;? apmfbGm;rsm;ESifhe,fajrvlxk vlwef;pm;rsm; xdawGUqufqHa&;? anmifa&Ta[mfeef; qufcHa&;twGuf a[mfvkwkdufyGJrsm;ponfwkdYudk rSwfwrf;wifxm;&m 1289-ckESpf 0gacgifvjynfhausmf(8)&uf? (20-8-1927)aeY p0fa&Tokduf anmifa&Ta[mfeef;qufcH &&Sdonfhtcsdeftxd jzpfygonf/

       txufjrefrmEkdifiHudk olUuRefjyKodrf;oGif;jcif;cH&jyD;aomfvnf; c&pfESpf 1885 –ck? Ekd0ifbmvtxd &Srf;jynfukd jAdwdoQwkdY rodrf;ykdufEkdifao;yg? 1886-ckESpfa&muf rSom &Srf;jynfudk jAdwdoQwdkY&ygonf/ jAdwdoQwkdY &Srf;jynfudk atmifEkdifjcif;onf anmifa&T? &yfapmufy#dyu©t&if;cH taMumif;aMumifhom jzpfygonf/

       tdrfMuufcsif; tkd;rJokwf cGyfckdif;jcif;jzifh jAdwdoQwkdY aumufuspfpOf;vJcJhonf/ anmifa&TjrdKUppfwrf;wGif anmifa&TapmfbGm;p0ftkHYonf &yfapmufapmfbGm;apm0kdif; ESifhjzpfyGm;aom ta&;tcif;wGif &IH;edrfhojzifh vIdif;wuft&yfü &Srf;jynf\tajct aeudk tuJcwfaeaom t*Fvdyfppfwyfu anmifa&TapmfbGm;bufrS 0ifa&mufulnD wkdufcdkufcJhykH? xkdtcGifhta&;ESifhpyfí rkdif;aomufwGif t*Fvdyfppftajcpkdufpcef;zGifh cJhykHwkdYukd awGU&onf/

       þwGiftu,fíom &yfapmuf? anmifa&Ttcsif;rrsm;cJhvQif? rsm;vifhupm; tcsif;csif; nd§EIdif;ajyjidrf;EkdifMuvQif &Srf;jynfawmifykdif;udk jAdwdoQwkdYonf 1886-ck ESpfü pwifodrf;,lvkdufEkdifp&m r&Sdyg/ &Srf;jynfawmifykdif; olUuRefjzpf&jcif;onf t &if;ppf tjrpfajru[k ajymxkH;jzpfp&m apmfbGm;csif;? aqGrsKd;csif;? wpfajrzGm;csif; y#dyu©rS pcJhygonf/ anmifa&T &yfapmuf tcsif;rsm;Mu&mrS pcJhygavonf/

       odkYjzpf&m anmifa&TjrdKU ppfwrf;ESifhqufpyfaeonfh &yfapmufjrdKUppfwrf;ukd vnf; avhvmwifjyygOD;rnf/

&yfapmufjrdKUppfwrf;

       þppfwrf;onf rSefpDa&Tydef;cs? 14-13aMumif;a&;? rkdif;udkif yk&ykdufrljzpfyg onf/ tvsm; 16-vufr? teH 6-ESpfykdif;wpfykdif;vufr/ 'k 2-av;ykdif; okH;ykdif;vuf r &Sdygonf/ a&;xkd;olrSm rkd;eJjrdKU pma&;MuD;]]vJcrf;a[h}}jzpfjyD;? trdefYt& a&;xkd;& aMumif; trSwftom;jyKxm;ygonf/ pmjyD;ESpf? a&;ul;ESpfryg yg/ odk&mwGif 1271- ckESpf aemufydkif;a&; yk&ykdufrljzpfrnf[k cefYrSef;&ygonf/

       þppfwrf;t& &yfapmufjrdKUonf jrdKUwnfOD;pwGif &om0wDjrdKUac:aMumif;? ouú&mZf 423-ck? waygif;vqef; 3-&uf? aomMumaeYwGif &om0wD ac: &yfapmufjrdKUe,ftydkif;tjcm;rSm...

       ]]ta&SUvm;aomf vdr®mjrpf? awmifudkvm;aomf bDvl;acsmif;? taemufvm; aomf aiGcGefajrESifhausmukdif;? ajrmufodkYvm;aomf jrpfi,ftxd? wpfzuf oDayg 30 ajrESifhausmukdif;jzpfaMumif; az:jyxm;onf/ qufí ]]e,fav;&yf? &Spf&yftwGif; tcGeftwkyf? w&m;uGrf;zkd; tay:0eftaumuftpm;? uRJ?EGm;jrif;yif qifaojrif;vJ ?acsmif;ajrmif; tif;tkdifrsm;ESifhwuG &om0wDjrdKUpm;u w0wnf; ppfaMum pD&if& onf/}}

[ktkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhywfoufí az:jyxm;ygonf/ wpfzef...

       ]]ppfa&;rif;rIawmfaqmif&efrsm;rSm anmifa&TjrdKUwGif t&yf&yfjrdKUpm;wdkYenf; &om0wDjrdKUtrwfqdkif0ufrkdif;ESifhtrwfpma&;wdkY aqmif&Guf&onf}}

[kaz:jyxm;&m &yfapmufjrdKUonf wpfcsdefwGif anmifa&TjrdKUvufatmufcHjzpfcJhyk& onf/ &yfapmufjrdKUtkyfcsKyfa&; tMuD;tuJudk &yfapmufpm;[k okH;EIef;xm;onf/ ouú&mZf 832-ckESpfü rkd;eJapmfbGm; om;armifxGef;wifqkdol &yfapmufpm; tMuD; tuJjzpfvmonfrSpí 1261-ckESpf? apmcGefEk om; apmcGefqdwftxd tqufquf aomtMuD;tuJ &yfapmufpm;wdkY trnfudk az:jyxm;onf/

       apmcGefqdwf rwkdifrDu &yfapmufpm;]]wDuspfarmifykduf}}qdkolukd rif;wkef;rif; u t&mEkwfí vJcsm;usrkdif;udk &yfapmufpm;cefYaMumif;? 1218-ckESpf usrkdif;uG,f vGefonfrSm 1228-ckESpftxd &yfapmufü apmfbGm;rxm;/ jrdKU0efppfuJrsm;udkom tvJtvS,f tkyfcsKyfapaMumif;? 1228-ckESpfa&mufaomtcg anmifa&TapmfbGm; &kd; apm0kdif;udk uarÁmZ&|r[moD&d0Hook"r®&mZmbGJU? apmfbGm;uawmfukd r[ma'0D bGJUESif;í rEÅav;eef;awmfrS &yfapmufjrdKUpm;cefYxm;aMumif; az:jyxm;&mjrefrmrif; ESifh&yfapmufqufqHa&;ukd tawG;qefYMunfhcsifp&m awGU&ygonf/

       &ckdifta&;? uonf;ta&;? t*Fvdyfta&;wdkYwGif &Srf;wkdYonf jrefrmwkdYESifh vufwGJrjzKwf ESdrfeif;cJhMuonf/ bMuD;awmfbk&m;vufxuf c&pfouú&mZf 1824- ckwGifjzpfyGm;aom t*Fvdyf-jrefrmyxrppfyGJwGif &Srf;trsKd;om;wyfu Munf;aMumif; csDwufwkdufckdufykHudk...

       1187-ckESpf tdrfa&SUbk&m; ppfudkif;rif; eef;pHawmfrlonfh vufxuf '*kH? rkwårodkY ukvm;ppfa&mufvmaomaMumifh &Srf;(9)apmfbGm;wkdYrSm r[maersKd;AkdvfcsKyf vkyfí ukef;aMumif;u qD;qkdYwkdufckduf&rnf/ a&aMumif;urSm jrefrmtrIxrf;wkdYESifh nDawmfAkdvfrSL;tkyfuGyf qD;qkdYwkdufckdufap trdefYawmfESifhqifhqkdwkdufckdufMu&m uk vm;vufeufudk rcHEkdifí r[maersKd; vufeufxdqkH;vQif &Srf;(9)apmfbGm;wyfwkdY jyefxGufvmaomaMumifh a&aMumif;awmf qkwfcJh&onf/

[ka&;om;az:jyxm;onfudk awGU&onf/ þta&;tom;t&qkdrl &Srf;(9)apmfbGm; wyfudk jrefrmwkdY tm;ukd;jyKaMumif; od&onf/

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