ဟန္လင္းၿမိဳ႕ေဟာင္း

[efvif;

NrdKUa[mif;

aiGpef;,kef

wnfae&m

       [ef;vif;NrdKUa[mif;onf ppfudkif;wkdif; 0ufvufNrdKUe,ftwGif; rEÅav;-a&Tbkd armfawmfum;vrf;ay:&Sd pkdifEkdifauGUrS ta&SUbuf 11-rkdif? a&TbkdNrdKUrS ta&SUawmif buf 10-rkdifESifh 5-zmvkHcefYtuGmwGif wnf&Sdonf/ rEÅav;-jrpfMuD;em; rD;&xm; vrf;&Sd rkqkd;csKHblwm&GmrS ta&SUbufig;rkdifcGJcefYwGif &Sdonf/

       [efvif;NrdKUa[mif;\ta&SUajrmufbufwGif a&TbkdNrdKU? awmifbufwGif 0uf vufNrdKU ta&SUajrmufbuf {&m0wDjrpfurf;wGif pOfYul;NrdKUwkdYwnf&Sdonf/

NrdKUa[mif; taxmuftxm;

       [efvif;MuD;[kvnf; ac:aom [efvif;NrdKUonf a&S;tcgu jrdKUjyMuD;wckjzpf cJhaMumif; xif&Sm;pGmawGU&onf/ pmaytaxmuftxm;rsm;rSm OD;ukvm; &mZ0if MuD;yxrwGJü yk*Hrif;,Ofe&odcFESifhe&ywdpnfolwkdY\a0VK0wDrdzk&m;udpöwGif jrif;cH ijynfhonf [efvif;&Gmudk jzwfí ig;ywfacsmif;odkYc&D;quf&aMumif;ESifhouú&mZf 647-ckESpf xkd;&Sif'domygarmuf ausmufpmwGif &Sif'domygarmu©rax&fonf [ef vif;udk jzwfí w&kwfjynfodkYoGm;a&muf&mwGif [efvif;&Gmü pcef;csaexkdifcJh aMumif;awGU&onf/

       ,if;pum;ajyta&;tom; orkdif;taxmuftxm;rsm;tjyif bkd;awmfbk&m; vufxuf (1143-1181)wGif [efvif;&Gmpm;jzpfcJhaom pnfolausmfxifbGJUcH om csif;q&mOD;atmifjzdK; a&;om;onfh [efvif;orkdif;vuFmudkvnf; awGU&onf/ pm ayjzifh awGU&aom orkdif;taxmuftxm;wkdYudk tajcjyKí [efvif;NrdKUa[mif;udk wl;az:vkdufaomtcg NrdKUa[mif;o&kyfrSm yDyDjyifjyif ay:vmavawmhonf/

       [efvif;NrdKUa[mif;udk ppfMudKacwf 1905-ck? azaz:0g&DvtwGif;u yPmr uGif;qif;avhvmí prf;oyfwl;az:cJhonf/ ,if;okYd aqmif&Guf&mwGif a&S;a[mif; ypönf;rsm; &&SdcJh&m ysL'*Fg;rsm;? a&S;jrefrmtkwfrsm;ESifhysLausmufpmwcsyfwkdYonf a&S; usrIudk az:nTef;aeayonf/ ysLausmufpmü tokH;jyKxm;aom tu©&mrsm;rSm tdE´d ,awmifydkif; ta&;tom;rsm;ay:wGif rlwnfonf/ jAm[®Dtu©&mrsm;jzpfí c&pf ESpf 4-&mpktcgu ta&;tom;rsm;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/

       xkdYaemuf 1961-62-ckwGif a&S;a[mif;okawoenTefMum;a&;0efacgif;aqmif aom uGif;qif;tzGJUu xyfrHwl;az:&ef vkyfief;pOfcsrSwfcJhonf/ ,if;wl;az:rI onf [efvif;tm; a&S;a[mif;NrdKUMuD;wckjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;aponf/ wcsdefwcgu MuD;us,fcrf;em; pnfum;cJhaomNrdKUMuD;wNrdKU\o&kyfay:vGifvmavonf/ 

  

NrdKUtaetxm;

       [efvif;NrdKUa[mif;onf pwk*HykH&Sdonf/ awmifESifhajrmufonf &Snfvsm;í 2-rkdifcefY&Sdonf/ ta&SUESifhtaemufrSmrl wrkdifcefYom&Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh [efvif; onf tvsm; 2-rkdif? teH 1-rkdif&Sdonf[k qkdEkdifonf/ vuf&Sd vlae&yfuGufjzpf aom [efvif;aus;&Gm\ajrmufbufwGif tkwf&kd;t<uif;tusefrsm;ESifhwnf&Sdae ao;aom NrdKUa[mif;&mudk awGUEkdifonf/ awGU&aom NrdKU&kd;ysufrSm 16-aycefY&Sdí t jrifhrSm 5-aycefYom &Sdawmhonf/

       NrdKU&kd;a[mif;rSm tkwfjzifhjyD;í ta&SUbuf? taemufbufESifhajrmufbufwkdY wGif usKH;ae&mrsm;ukd awGUEkdifonf/ [efvif;NrdKUa[mif;\tao;pdwf wl;az:rIudk 1963-ck? Zefe0g&DvrS 1966-ck? azaz:0g&Dvtxd wESpfvQif wMudrfus uGif;qif; vkyfief; aqmif&GufcJh&m a&S;NrdKUa[mif;MuD;wckudk rsuf0g;xifxif awGU&avonf/

NrdKUwnfaqmufxm;ykH

       wl;az:awGU&Sd&aom taqmufttkHt<uif;tusefrsm;udk cGJjcm;vdkufaomt cg av;rsKd;av;pm; awGU&onf/

1/ NrdKU&kd;? NrdKUt&Htwm;ESifhNrdKU0ifaygufrsm;?

2/ vlae&yfuGuf&Sd taqmufttkH t<uif;tusefrsm;?

3/ ocsKØif;*lrsm;

4/ a&avSmifuefabmif&kd;

       [efvif;NrdKUa[mif; awmifbufNrdKU&kd; wHcg;awmf\taemufbufteD; NrdKU&kd; ay:&Sd trSwf(4)ukef;udk wl;az:&mwGif NrdKU&kd;wckay:vmonf/ xkdNrdKU&kd;onf xk 29 –ay? 6-vufr &Sdonf/ tkwfom;oufouftxl 5-ay? 7-vufrudk awmifbuf rsufESmjyifüvnf;aumif;? 9-ay 3-vufrtxludk ajrmufbufrsufESmjyifü vnf; aumif; awGU&onf/ awmifbufwGif tkwfvTm;a& 22-vTm;ESifhajrmufbufwGif tkwfvTm;a& 35-vTm; &SdaMumif; awGU&onf/

       trSwf (4)ukef;\awmifbuf 10-*kdufrQuGma0;aom trSwf(3)ukef;ukd wl; az:&mwGif a&SUaemufwef;aeaom tvsm;-115 aycefY&Sdonfh tkwfuwkwfMuD;wck ay:xGufvmonf/ tkwfuwkwfwGif tus,fqkH;ae&monf 8-ay&Sdonf/ tkwfrsm; pDxm;&m wvTm;vQif tvsm; 1-ay 6-vufr? the 9-vufr? xk 3-vufr&Sd tkwf vTmaygif; 19-vTm;jzpfí tjrifh 4-ay&Sdonf/ ,if;ay:vmaom tkwfuwkwfMuD;rS ykwD;aph ESpfvkH;ESifhysL'*Fg;wck &cJhonf/

       trSwf(10)ukef;udk wl;az:&mwGif NrdKU0ifaygufMuD;wckudk awGU&onf/ awmif bufNrdKU&kd;rS twGif;odkY ajyajycsKd;xm;onfh 0ifaygufMuD;jzpfí vuf&ef;tkwf&kd;MuD; rsm;\tvsm;rSm ta&SUbufwGif 252-ay? taemufbufwGif 272-ay&Sdonf/ t a&SUbuftwGif;csKd; tkwf&kd;wGif teH 14-ay? trsm;qkH; tkwfvTm;a& 14-vTm;om&Sd í? taemufbuftwGif;csKd; tkwf&kd;wGif teH 16-ay 9-vufr? trsm;qkH; tkwf vTm;a& 12-vTm;om&Sdonf/ tkwf&dk;wckESifhwck 17-aycGmxm;ojzifh NrdKUayguf t us,f? odkYr[kwf NrdKU0ifvrf;tus,fonf 17-ay&Sdonf[k qkd&rnfjzpfonf/

       tvm;wl ta&SUbuf NrdKU0ifaygufMuD;udkvnf; ta&SUbufNrdKU&kd;udk jzwfvsuf awGU&onf/ xkdNrdKU0ifaygufwGif ajrmufbuftwGif;csKd; tkwf&kd;onf 166-ay? awmifbuftwGif;csKd; tkwf&kd;onf 220-ay &Sdonf/ ajrmufbuftwGif;csKd; tkwf &kd;onf teH 17-ayjzpfí awmifbuftwGif;csKd; tkwf&kd;onfvnf; 17-ayyifjzpfonf/

AdokumESifhtEkynm

       [efvif;NrdKUa[mif; tv,fcyfususae&mwGif pwk*HtkwfNrdKU&kd; wxyf&Sd&m ,if;ae&mudk eef;awmf&m[kowfrSwfac:a0:Muonf/ eef;awmf&mudk wl;az:&m wGif tkwfNrdKU&kd;rsm;ay:xGufvmonf/ tkwf&kd;rsm;rSm tvsm;ay 120? 129? 117? 132? 144 ponf&SdMuí teH 4-ay? 8-ay ponf&SdMuonf/ tkwfvTm;rSm 2-vTm;rS 9-vTm;txd &Sdonf/

       tkwf&kd;rsm;tjyif tkwftaqmufttkHMuD;wckudkvnf; awGU&onf/ tvsm; ay 120? teH 38-ay&Sd pwk*HtkwftaqmufttkHMuD;jzpfonf/ xkdtaqmufttkH MuD;\eH&Hrsm;udk ta&SUbuf? awmifbuf? ajrmufbufwkdYrS uyfvsufajrzkdYí ajrt xufwGif tkwfwvTm;pDxm;onf/ twGif;wGif vkH;ywf 1-ayrQ&Sdaom rD;avmifxm; onfh opfom;wkdiftajc 58-wkdifudk av;wkdifvQifwwef;usjzifh awGU&onf/ tjcm; rD;avmifuRrf;oGm;aom wkdif&mrsm;vnf; awGUay&m rlvwkdif pkpkaygif; 84-vkH;jzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom xnf0gcefYnm;onfh taqmufttkHMuD;jzpfrnfudk cefYrSef;Ekdif ygonf/

       ta&SUbuf? awmifbuf? ajrmufbufwkdYwGif tkwf&kd;rsm;ESifhuyfvsuf zkYdajr rsm;jyKvkyfxm;onfrSm wbufvQif tvsm; 19-ay? teH3-ay? tjcm;wbufwGif tvsm; 11-ay? teH 3-ay&SdjyD; tjrifhrSm 5-ay 6-vufr &Sdonf/

       wnfaqmufykH Adokumoabmudk avhvmaomtcg taqmufttkHMuD;udk pwk*Husus wnfaqmufxm;aMumif;awGU&aomfvnf; ta&SUbufutkwf&kd;«awmif –ajrmuf»teHonf awmif-ajrmufwnfhwnfhusatmif aqmufvkyfxm;jcif;r&SdyJ t aemufbufodkY 19-'D*&D 56rdepfwdrf;aeaMumif; awGU&onf/

       tkwfpDykHudk avhvm&mwGif tpD;teif; raumif;rGef rckdifcHhvSay/ txufvTm tkwfESifhatmufvTmtkwfwkdYrSm xyf&kHrQom&Sdojzifh MuHhckdifrItm;enf;onf/ odkYaomf tkwfrsm;udk tjyifrsufESmjyifwGifom nDnDnmnm tvSpDjcif;r[kwfyJ twGif;buf udkom tvSpDxm;aMumif; awGU&onf/ tkwfrsm;rSm tMuD;qkH; 20_9_2-vufrESifh ti,fqkH; 17_8ƒ_1† vufr&dSonf/

       tkwf&kd;rsm;wGif xl;jcm;aomtvSty rGrf;rHrIrawGU&ay/ odkYaomf ta&SUbuf tydwftkwf&kd;ESifhawmifbuftydwftkwf&kd;&SnfwkdYawGUqkH&m axmifhtwGif; rsufESm jyifwGif oJESifhxkH;a&m>yrf;aom o&GwfuGufwckudk awGU&onf/ xdktaqmufttkH MuD;rSm ay 120-rQ&Snfonfukd opfom;wkdif 80-rQokH;xm;jcif;? twGif;eH&Hrsm;udk o&GwfusHí acsmxm;jcif;? twGif;ü tat;"mwf&ap&ef Murf;jyifudk ausmfí ajrzkdY xm;jcif;? eef;awmf&mwGif wnf&Sdjcif;? vlokH;ypönf;rsm; rawGU&jcif; ponfwkdYaMumifh ]]vlxkcef;raqmifMuD;}}jzpfrnf[k cefYrSef;&ygonf/

[efvif;'*Fg;rsm;

       NrdKUa[mif;udk wl;az:cJhorQ pkpkaygif; '*Fg; 19-jym;&cJhonf/ '*Fg;rsm;rSm t &G,ftpm;tm;jzifh tcsif; 1-vufromom&SdjyD; okH;rsdK;&Sdonf/ tMuD;rSm tcsif; 1- vufrom&Sdí tvwfonf tcsif; 1-vufr rjynfhwwf/ ti,frSmrl tcsif; vuf r0ufcefYom&Sdonf/

       tMuD;qkH;'*Fg;wGif rsufESmbufü oD&d0pätwGif; c&koif;ykH? c&koif;\atmuf wnfhwnfhwGif AdE¨KajymufokH;ckpD yg&Sdonf/ ausmbufwGif b'´yd|ESifh,if;\xdyf w bufwGif AdE¨KajymufokH;ck? tpGef;ywfvnfwGif AdE¨Kajymuftjc,ftvS,fyg&Sdonf/

       tvwfpm;'*Fg;wGif rsufESmbufü oD&d0pätwGif; pufokH;pufaxmifwef; vsuf oD&d0pä\vuf,mbufab;wGif b'´yD|? vuf0Jbufab;wGif pMum? pMum\ txufwGif tpufokH;puf? oD&d0pä\txuf vuf,mbufxdyfwGif ae? vuf0J bufwGif v? oauFwESifhausmbufwGif wufae0ef;ykHygonf/

       ti,fpm;'*Fg;wGif rsufESmbufü oD&d0pätwGif;axmifvkdufokH;pufwwef;us AdE¨Kajymufudk;ajymuf? vuf,mab;wGif c&koif;ykH? vuf0JbufwGif 0&Zdefvufeuf ykH? txufvuf,mbufwGif aeESifhvuf0JbufwGif vtrSwftom;? oD&d0pä\ atmufajcwGif vIdif;oP²mefrsOf;rsm;? ausmbufwGif b'´yD|ESifhtxufwGif AdE¨K ajymufig;ck? tpGef;wGif AdE¨Kajymufrsm; t0ef;vdkufpDxm;onf/  

 

wl;az:&&Sdaomypönf;rsm;

       eef;awmf&mudk wl;az:&mwGif tkd;jcrf;yJhtrsKd;rsKd;? ajrykwD;aph? ausmufykwD;aph trsKd;rsKd;? oHxnfypönf;trsKd;rsKd;? ausmufvufeufypönf;trsKd;rsKd;? ajrvQyf'kd;rsm;ESifh vl&kd;? wd&pämef&kd;rsm;udk &&SdcJhonf/ xkdYjyif ajreDom;jzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom tkd;cGufyef; uefrsm;udk &&Sdonf/ ,if;odkY tokH;taqmifypönf;rsm;tjzpf vuf0wfwefqmrsm; jzpfaom ykwD;ESifhqGJjym;rsm;&&Sdonf/ ,if;wkYdukd ajr? ausmuf? aumfESifha&TwkdYjzifh jyK vkyfxm;onf/

       xkdYtjyif ajrjzifhjyKvkyfxm;aom &kyfvkH;ryDjyifonfh EGm;&kyfwckvnf; &&Sdyg onf/ ausmufvufeufESifhausmuf0w¬Kypönf;rsm;? oHvufeufESifhoHxnfypönf;rsm;? owåKESifhtjcm;ypönf;rsm;vnf; &cJhonf/

[efvif;acwf

       [efvif;onf wcsdefu pnfum;wkd;wufcJhaom ysLNrdKUMuD;wckjzpfonfrSm ao csmvSayonf/ [efvif;NrdKUa[mif;rSawGU&orQ ysLausmufpmrsm;t&? [efvif;onf c&pfESpf 4-&mpk rS 9-&mpktxd wkd;wufpnfyifxGef;um;cJhonf[k cefYrSef;&ygonf/ ,if;tcsufudk [efvif;wl;az:rIrS&aom tkd;jcrf;uGJrsm;? tkwfcJpmrsm;? wHqdyf&m rsm;uvnf; taxmuftul jyKaeygonf/

[efvif;,Ofaus;rI

       [efvif;NrdKUom; ysLwdkYonf c&pfESpf 3-&mpkavmufwGif NrdKUjywnfaxmifae xkdifMuí 4-&mpkrS 9-&mpktwGif;rsm;rSm pnfyifzGHUjzdK; wkd;wufcJh[efwlayonf/ Adok umynmwwfuRrf;í NrdKU? vrf;? taqmufttkHrsm; aqmufvkyfaexkdifwwfonf/ awGU&Sd&orQ ypönf;rsm;t& [efvif;ysLwkdYonf v,form;twwf? yef;yJyef;&H t wwf? vuform;? ausmufqpform;? vufrIynm&Sifrsm;? yef;xdrfq&mrsm;? tkd; xdef;onfrsm;? pmayynmonfrsm;? ponfjzifh &SdMuonf/

       NrdKUjyumuG,fa&;twGuf "m;? vSH? av;? jrm; oHxnfud&d,mrsm; okH;Muonf/

       vlaoaomtcg rD;&IdUí t&kd;ESifhjymrsm;udk ajrtkd;jzifhxnhfum ocsKØif;*lrsm; wGif jr§KyfESHonf/

       [efvif;wGif Ak'¨bmomxGef;um;jyD[k qkdEkdifonf/ odkYaomf &kyfyGm;qif;wk awmfrsm; udk;uG,fonhftcg r[kwfao;[k ,lq&onf/ wl;az:&orQwGif &kyfyGm; qif;wkawmfrsm; ryg&Sday/

NrdKUed*kH;

       [efvif;NrdKUonf c&pfESpf 8-&mpkESifh9-&mpkumvwGif rD;avmifí ysufpD;& onf[k ,lq&onf/ [efvif;ysLwkdYonf xkdaemuf yk*HacwfOD;wkdifatmifyif aus; &Gmrsm;ü aexkdifvsuf&Sdonf[k cefYrSef;&ygonf/

aiGpef;,k

udk;um;pmtkyf

1/ wuúodkvfynmya'ompmapmif? twGJ 3? tydkif; 3? 1968? Zlvkdifv/

2/ Historical Sites in Burma

3/ jrefrmhpG,fpkHusrf; twGJ 14/

rSwfcsuf/    /pmayvkyfom;r*¾Zif;? 1984-ckESpf? Zlvkdifv? pmrsufESm 112 rS 116 xd üvm&Sdaomaqmif;yg;udk jyifqifjcif;r&SdbJ &kdufESdyfxm;ygonf/