ဗိႆႏုိးၿမိဳ႕
qdwfokOf;cJhonfh
taMumif;&if;
&nfpdef
awmifwGif;MuD;jrdKU taemufbuf 12-rkdiftuGm&Sd
ukuúKdcG&Gm ajrmufbufuyf vsuf&Sdaomae&mü
ysLjrdKUa[mif;wjrdKU&Sdonf/ ,if;ukd trsm;wkdYu AdóEkd;jrdKU[kac: Muonf/
AdóEkd;jrdKUonf c&pfESpf 1-&mpkrS 4^5-&mpkESpftxd
wnf&SdcJhaMumif;? qdwfokOf;roGm;rD jrdKUysufjynfysufb0 wpfMudrfwpfcg
awGUcJhzl;aMumif;? a&S;a[mif; okawoeawGUodcsuft& uREkfyfwkdYodcJhjyD;
jzpfygonf/ AdóEkd;jrdKUonf rnfonfhum vü jrdKUysufjynfysufb0
wpfMudrfawGUMuKHcJhygoenf;/ rnfonfhtcgü vkH;0qdwf okOf;oGm;cJhygoenf;/
tb,faMumifh jrdKUysufjynfysufb0wpfMudrf awGUMuKHcJh&ygo enf;/ aemufqkH;ü
tb,fodkYaom taMumif;aMumifh vkH;0qdwfokOf;oGm;cJhygoenf;? ,ckþorkdif;ppfwrf;ü
þar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqkd&ef &nf&G,fygonf/
ပ်ဴတုိ႔ပ်ံ႕ႏွံ႔သည့္ေဒသ
AdóEkd;jrdKU ysufokOf;&jcif;\taMumif;&if;udk
raqG;aEG;rD ysLwkdYonf jrefrm EkdifiHokdY rnfokdY0ifa&mufvmaMumif;?
jrefrmEkdifiH rnfonfhae&mwGif ysHUESHYaexkdifcJh aMumif;udk tusOf;tm;jzifh
wifjyvkdygonf/
ysLwkdYonf jrefrmrsm;uJhodkY
wdAuf-jrefrmpum;ajym rsKd;EG,fpkwpfpkjzpfonf/ olwkdYajymaom pum;onf
a&S;a[mif;jrefrmpum;ESifha&S;a[mif; avmfavmfpum; rsm;ESifhESD;EG,fonf/
xkdaMumifh ysLudk jrefrm-avmfavmftpkxJü xnfhoGif;Ekdifonf/
jrefrm-avmfavmftpkonf w&kwfEkdifiH pDcRrfe,ftaemufydkif;rS
,leefe,fodkY0ifvm cJhaMumif; oufaotcdkiftrmawGU&Sdonf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf
olwkdYESifhEDSEG,f aomrsKd;EG,ftcsKdUonf ,cktcgü
pDcRrfe,ftaemufykdif;ESifh,leefe,fajrmufydkif;a' owpf0dkufwGif
qufvufaexkdifMuonfudk awGU&Sdxm;aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ ysL pum;udk
jrefrm-avmfavmftpkxJodkY xnfhoGif;EkdifvQif ysLwkdYonfvnf; tjcm;
jrefrm-avmfavmftpkxJü rsKd;EG,fpkrsm;uJhodkY w&kwfEkdifiH pDcRrfe,f?
taemufydkif;rS ,leefe,fodkY a&mufvmjyD; xkdrSwqifh jrefrmEkdifiHodkY
0ifa&mufvmonf[k pdwfcspGm ajymqkdEkdifonfxifygonf/
olwkdYonf
c&pfray:rD 3-&mpku jrefrmEkdifiHodkY a&mufaecJhjyD[k ,lqzG,f&Sd
onf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf bDpD 128-ESpf(c&pfray:rD 129-ESpf)ü bufMwD,m (,ck
tmz*efepöwefEkdifiHajrmufydkif;)rS oHc&D;jyefvmaom usefcsd-tJef Chang
Chien
onf {u&mZf0l Emperor.
Wu
xHwifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpmü olwdkYt
aMumif;udk az:jyxm;cJhaMumif; awGU&Sdxm;aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ bDpD
2-&mpkwGif ysLwkdYonf jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;ü
wkdif;jynfxlaxmifaejyD;jzpfvQif olwkdYonf xkdouú &mZfrwkdifrDu
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufvmjyD; twnfwus aexkdifcJhjyD;jzpf& ygrnf/
xkdYaMumifh ysLwkdY jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufaexkdifonfh
ouú&mZfudk bDpD 3-&mpk(c&pfray:rD 3-&mpk)[k
uRefawmfcefYrSef;xm;ygonf/ wzef AdóEkd;jrdKU onf c&pfESpf 1-&mpkrS 4-5
&mpktxd wnf&SdcJhaMumif;? a&S;a[mif;okawoeawGU &Sdcsuft&
uREkfyfwkdY od&jyefonf/ AdóEkd;jrdKUonf c&pfESpf 1-&mpktcgüyif
wnf&Sd aejyD; jzpfvQif xkdjrdKUudk wnfcJhaom ysLwkdYonf
xkdouú&mZfxufapmí a&mufvmrS omjzpf&ygrnf/
ysLwkdYonf jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;odkY
0ifa&mufvmjyD;aemuf a&S;OD;pGm ysHUESHYae xkdifcJhonfha'oonf
{&m0wDjrpf0Srf;wpfavQmuf jzpfayrnf/ xkdYaemuf ppfawmif; jrpf0Srf;
tnmydkif;vnf; a&mufvmonf/ {&m0wDjrpf0Srf;ESifhppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;t
Mum;&Sd ajrjyefYa'orSmvnf; ysHUESHYaexkdifvmMuonf/ ,if;odkY
ysHUESHYaexkdifvmjcif; onf wjznf;jznf; ysHUESHYvmjcif;jzpfonf/
ysLwkdYonf
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;okdY 0ifa&mufaexkdifvmonfhtcsdefü ta&SU
awmiftm&Sukef;r wpfae&mwGif vlrsKd;a&TUajymif;aexkdifrI
jzpfay:cJhao;onf/ [EGKdif;vGifjyif&Sd rGefcrmrsKd;EG,fpktcsKdUonf
jrpfeDtwkdif; qefwufí ,ckw&kwfEkdifiH
wmhvDa'oteD;wpf0kdufodkY a&mufvmonf/ xkdrSwpfqifh taemufbufodkY
a&TU ajymif;vmMu&m jrefrmEkdifiHajrmufydkif;udk ausmfjzwfjyD;
tdE´d,EkdifiH tmoHe,fxJodkY 0ifa&mufoGm;cJhonf/ xdkolwkdYudk ynm&SifwkdYu
ajrmufydkif;rGefcrmrsKd;EG,fpk[k ac: Muonf/ ,ckjrefrmEkdifiH
ajrmufydkif;ü&Sdaom yavmif? 0? *kdtJef(Palaung-Wa- Riang)wkdYonf xkdtpkü yg0ifonf/ olwkdYonf
jrefrmEkdifiHajrmufydkif;odkY a&muf aejyD;aemuf tmoHe,fxJodkY
0ifoGm;&jcif;onf {&m0wDjrpf0Srf;wpfavQmufü ysL
rsm;ysHUESHYaexkdifcJhMujyD; jzpfaomaMumifh jzpfwef&monf/
[EGKdif;vGifjyifrS
rGefcrm rsKd;EG,fpktcsKdUonf a&TUajymif;oGm;onfhtcgü rJe,f
jrpf0Srf;taMuykdif;ü aexkdifMuaom rGefwkdYonfvnf; taemufbufodkY
a&TUajymif;í ae&m,lvmMuonf/ ysLwkdYMoZmtmPm rysHUESHYEkdifao;onfh
{&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay: a'oodkYtxd rGefwdkdYaexkddifvmMuonf/ rGefwkdYonf
oHvGifjrpf0? ppfawmif;jrpf0ESifh {&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'owGif
ysHUESHYaexkdifMujyD;aemuf oHvGifjrpf0rSwqifh awmif bufodkYysHUESHYvmojzifh
aemufqkH;ü rav;uRef;qG,fajrmufydkif; u&uRef;qufokdYtxd a&mufoGm;cJhonf/
tcsKyftm;jzifh
qkdvQif c&pfESpf 1-&mpktcsdef(AdóEkd;jrdKU wnfonfhtcsdef)ü ysLwdkYonf
jrefrmEkdifiHtv,fydkif;wGif aexkdifMuí rGefwkdYu rJe,fjrpf0Srf;taMuydkif; tjyif
jrefrmEkdifiHatmufydkif;jzpfaom {&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'o? ppfawmif;jrpf
0Srf;taMuykdif;ESifhoHvGifjrpf0rS u&uRef;qufodkYtxd aexkdifMuonf/
ဖူနန္(ေရွးေဟာင္းကမ္ပူးခ်ား)
နယ္ေျမခ်ဲ႕ထြင္လာျခင္း
c&pfESpf
1-&mpktcgü rJacgifjrpf0Srf;taMuydkif;wpf0dkufwGif a&S;a[mif;urfyl;
csm;om;wkdYonfvnf; EkdifiHwnfaxmifaejyDjzpfonf/
a&S;a[mif;urfyl;csm;EkdifiH(a&S; a[mif;crm)EkdifiHudk w&kwfwkdYu
zleef Fu-Nan
[kem;vnfcJhonf/ zleef Fu-Nan
[ktoHxGufaomfvnf;
a&S;a[mif;toHxGufonf AsLerf jzpfonf/ þum; a&S;
a[mif;urfyl;csm;(a&S;a[mif;crm)pum; Aerf Bnam
ukd toHvS,fxm;aom a0g [m&jzpfonf/
xkdtrnf a&S;a[mif;urfyl;csm;EkdifiH\trnf r[kwfacs/ urfyl;csm;
t&Sif\bGJUawmfonf uk&kifAerf Kurung Bnam odkYr[kwf Aerft&Sif(awmifMuD; &Sif)[k odcJhojzifh
a&S;w&kwfwkdYu ,if;EkdifiHudk AsLerf(zleef)[k ac:cJhjcif; jzpfonf/
w&kwftoHxGuf AsLerfonf zleef Fu-Nan
odkYajymif;vJvmouJhodkY urfyl;csm;bm
omwGifvnf; AerfrS zaemrf Phnom [ktoHxGuf ajymif;vJvmaejyD jzpfygonf/ ,cktcg
ta&SUawmiftm&Sorkdif;okawoDtm;vkH;wkdYonf a&S;a[mif;urfyl;csm;ukd
az:jyvmvQif Fu-Nan [kqufvufac:qkdMuonf/ zleefonf tjcm;ta&SUawmif
tm&SEkdifiHrsm;uJhodkY tdE´d,,Ofaus;rIudk tajccHaom EkdifiHjzpfonf/
zleefbk&if
[GefYzef[k-tef(if)onf oufawmf 90-wGif ewf&GmpHaomtcg 'kwd,om;awmf zefzefonf
xD;eef;udk qufcHonf/ zefzef P'an P'an onf eef; wufvmjyD;onfaemuf EkdifiHudpöt00udk ppfolMuD;
zefref Fan-Man
tm;tyfESif; onf/ [GefYzef[k-tef(if) Hun-Pan-Huang
tkyfpkd;onfhumvonf c&pfESpf
2-&m pk 'kwd,ydkif;wGifjzpfrnf[k ,ckacwf
ta&SUawmiftm&Sorkdif;ynm&SifwkdYu ,lq Muonf/ zefzefonf
eef;pnf;pdrfukd 3-ESpfpHpm;jyD;onfhaemuf ewf&GmpHaomtcg
EkdifiHolEkdifiHom;wkdYu ppfolMuD;zefreftm; rif;ajr§mufvkdufonf/
w&kwfrSwfwrf; rsm;wGif zefrefudk zef&SDref[lívnf;jyonf/ xkdyk*¾Kdvfonf
,cknMwifNha
Trang
e,frS aAmunf Vo-CanhwGifawGU&Sdxm;aom ouú#bmomurÜnf;pmwkdifwpfckrS
oD&drm&jzpfaMumif; jyifopfynm&Sif ygarmu©aq;a';u qkdonf/ bmomaA'tm;
jzifh w&kwfrSwfwrf;vm &SDonf oD&dudk vnf;aumif;? refonf rm&udkvnf;aumif;?
toHvS,fxm;onf[k qkdEkdifygonf/ zefreftkyfpkd;cJhonfhumvtydkif;tjcm;onf
c&pfESpf 205 rS 225 twGif;jzpfonf/
zefref(oD&drm&)onf
aoe*FAsL[m uRrf;usifvdr®maom yk*¾KdvfwpfOD;jzpf\/ oleef;wufvmjyD;onfhaemuf ppfonfrsm;udk OD;aqmifí tdrfeD;csif;a'oodkY
0if a&mufwkdufckdufcJh&m tm;vkH;udk tnHhcH0ifapcJhonf/
zleef\MoZmtmPmpufuGif; onf us,fjyefYvmonfESifhtrQ zefrefonf
r[mzleeft&Sif[laom bGJUudkcH,lonf/ zefref a&S;OD;pGmwkdufckdufcJhaom
tdrfeD;csif;a'orsm;onf ukef;vrf;jzifh ayguf a&mufEkdifaoma'orsm;jzpfonf/
tvSrf;a0;í a&vrf;c&D;jzifh ul;vl;EkdifaomEkdifiH rsm;ryg0ifao;ay/
,if;odkYukef;vrf;c&D;jzifh csOf;eif;0ifa&mufwkdufckdufcJhaomEkdifiH
rsm;wGif ysLwkdYa'ovnf;yg0ifonf/ þtaMumif;udk aemufwGif qufvufaqG;aEG; rnf/
yifv,fork'´&mbufwGifvnf;
MoZmysHUESHYvkdojzifh zefrefonf avSoabFm rsm; wnfaqmufí yifv,fork'´&mudk
ausmfjzwfjyD;vQif rav;uRef;qG,f&Sd jrdKUjy EkdifiH q,fEkdifiHausmfausmfudk
wkdufckdufatmifjrifcJhonf/ xkdodkYppfyGJqifETJjyD;onfh aemuf zleefEkdifiH
odkYr[kwf a&S;a[mif;urfyl;csm;EkdifiH\e,fedrdwfonf ykdrkdus,fjyefY vmí
,if;\MoZmtmPmonfvnf; ydkrkdMuD;rm;vmawmhonf/ xdkYaemuf usifvif? okdYr[kwf
a&Te,fjcmm;a'o odkYr[kwf ok0PÖblrdudk wkdufcdkufonf/ ppfqifaecsdef rSmyif
zefrefonf emzsm;rusef;jzpfvmí om;jzpfol ok0PÖZD0tm; ppfonfrsm;ukd OD;aqmifaponf/
odkY&mwGif eef;vkyGJwpfck ay:aygufvmojzifh rMumrDrSmyif ok0-PÖZD0onf
vkyfMuHcH&onf/
zefrefonf
tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;udk wkdufckdufjyD;onfaemuf yifv,ful;íwkduf
ckdufatmifjrifcJhaom EkdifiH q,fEkdifiHausmfausmfrS tcsKdUaomEkdifiHtrnfudk
w&kwf rSwfwrf;ü az:jyxm;onfudk awGU&onf/ ,if;trnfpm&if;rS wGefpGefTun-Sun
onf weoFm&Djzpfrnfavm[k tcsKdUynm&SifwkdYu
vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;ckepfq,f ausmfcefYupí MuHqcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif
xkdtrnfonf rnfonfhbmompum;udk w&kwfwkdYu toHvS,fcJhonfudk twdtus
tajzr&SmEkdifcJhay/ wGefpGef[laom w &kwforkdif;usrf;vm ae&mtrnfonf
rGefbmompum;(!Kifokef) Dung Sun jzpf ayrnf[k rGefbmompum; uRrf;usifaomygarmu©a&Smwkd;u
1963-ckESpfu MuHq vmonf/ w&kwfrSwfwrf;t& wGefpGefonf rif;
ig;rif;tkyfpkd;aoma'ojzpfí zleef vufatmufcHe,fjzpfaMumif;? ta&SUESifhtaemufukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,f
azguf um;&mt&yfwpfckjzpfaMumif;? xl;axGqef;Mu,faom
ukefypönf;rsm;&SdaMumif;ponf jzifh az:jyxm;onf/ wGefpGefonf rif;ig;rif;wkdY
tkyfpkd;onfha'ojzpfaMumif;[laom tcsufonf rGefbmompum; !Kifokef(jrdKUig;jrdKU)ESifhudkufnDonf[k
qkd&ayrnf/ a&Sm wkd;\MuHqcsufonf rSefuefí vufcHoifhonf[k qkdcsifonf/
tcsuftcsma'o onf ,ck wuGmyg Takua Pa
t&yfjzpfonf/ wuGmygonf
yk*Htaemufbuf zGm;apm&Gm "r®d&mZdubk&m;ta&SU*l&Sd
ouú&mZf 558(c&pfESpf 1196)xkd;ausmufpm tykdif;tprS az:jyaom wuGm
jzpfygonf/ wGefpGef [laomtrnfonf rGefbmom !Kifokefudk toHvS,f,lxm;aMumif;udk
axmufaomf c&pfESpf 3-&mpkOD;ykdif;wGif rGef wkdYonf
rav;uRef;qG,fajrmufydkif;a'owGif qufvufaexkdifMuaMumif; xif&Sm; onf/
zleeft&Sif
zefref(oD&drm&)onf rav;uRef;qG,fajrmufydkif;a'oukd tb,f aMumifh wkdufckduf&ygoenf;/
,if;a'oukd zefrefwkdufckduf&jcif;\t"du&nf&G,f csufonf
jzpfxGef;aeaom w&kwf-a&mr a&vrf;ukefoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;rsm;\
pcef;rsm;? txl;ojzifh ta&SUESifhtaemuf
ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,f&mtcsuftcsm jzpfaom wGefpGef(!Kifokef)udk
csKyfudkifxm;vkdjcif; jzpfonf/ zleefonf !Kifokef(wGef pGef)ESifhteD;wpf0kdufudk
odrf;ydkufEkdifcJhojzifh w&kwfEkdifiHawmifykdif;rS rav;uRef;qG,f txd
jzpfaom a&vrf;ukefoG,fa&;ukd vuf0g;MuD;tkyfEkdifcJhonf/
ဗိႆႏုိးႏွင့္ဖူနန္
zefref(oD&drm&)onf
zleef\ydkifeufukd csJUxGif&mü ajcvSrf;okH;qifhjzifh aqmif&GufcJhonf/
,if;wkdYum;...
1/ tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiH
odkYr[kwf ukef;vrf;jzifhaygufa&mufaoma'oudk odrf;,ljcif;?
2/ a&wyfwnfaqmufí
yifv,fork'´&mudkausmfjzwfjyD;vQif,ckweoFm&Dwkdif;
atmufykdif;
wpfpdwfwpfa'o yg0ifaom rav;uRef;qG,fajrmufydkif;a'o&Sd
jrdKUjyEkdiffiHrsm;udk
odrf;,ljcif;?
3/ ,ck xkdif;vif;
(,dk;',m;) yifv,fauGUrSaeí ppfawmif;jrpf0a'oodkY 0if
a&mufwkdufckdufcJhjcif;
jzpfonf/
«wwd,tqifhudk
aqmif&GufaepOf zefref(oD&drm&)onf emzsm;rusef;jzpfí
ewf&GmpHcJhaMumif; txufwGifqkdcJhonfudk pmzwfy&dowfowdjyKrdayvdrfhrnf/»
zefref(oD&drm&)\ajcvSrf;okH;qifhteuf
'kwd,qifhESifhwwd,tqifhwkdYudk txufwGifqkdcJhjyD;jzpfonf/
yxrtqifh(ukef;vrf;c&D;jzifh aygufa&mufaom a'o udk
wkdufckdufcJhjcif;taMumif;)udk az:jy&efusef&Sdygao;onf/ zefrefonf
ta&SU buf&Sd prÜ(AD,uferfawmifydkif;)okdY 0ifa&mufvmcJhí
nMwifodkYtxd odrf;ydkufcJh aMumif;? aAmunfrS ouú#bmomurÜnf;pmwkdifu
oufaoxlygonf/ taemuf bufwGifrl aemiftcg 'Gg&0wD[k xifay:vmaom
rJerfjrpf0Srf; taMuykdif;odkY csOf; eif;0ifa&mufí zleef\vufatmufcH e,ftjzpf
odrf;ydkufjyD;rS rJerfjrpf0Srf;twkdif; ajrmufbufa'oudkyg odrf;ydkufcJhonf/
rJerfjrpf0Srf;udk
odrf;ydkufrxm;EkdifcJhvQif(wpfenf;tm;jzifh ,ck xkdif;vif;yif v,fauGU? odkYr[kwf
,kd;',m;yifv,fauGUudk pdk;rkd;csKyfudkifjcif; jyKrxm;EkdifcJhvQif)
zefref(oD&drm&)onf tvSrf;a0;aom rav;uRef;qG,fajrmufydkif;
u&uRef;qG,fa' oodkY csOf;eif;0ifa&mufwkdufckdufEkdifrnfr[kwfay/
rJerfjrpf0Srf;udkodrf;ydkufjyD;aemuf xkdif;vif;(,kd;',m;)yifv,fauGUudk
rdrdtmPmpufuGif;odkYa&mufatmif pD&ifaqmif &GufjyD;rSomvQif tvSrf;a0;aom
rav;uRef;qG,fajrmufydkif;a'oudk a&wyfjzifhppf qifEkdifrnfjzpfygonf/
rJerfjrpf0Srf;a'oudk
zefref(oD&drm&)wkdufckdufatmifjrifjyD;onfhaemuf zleef
(a&S;a[mif;urfyl;csm;)taemufbuf e,fedrdwfonf ysLEkdifiHESifheD;uyfvmawmh\/
,ckacwf xkdif;vif;(,dk;',m;onf ,kwfpGtqkH; c&pfESpf q,fhwpf&mpktxd
urfyl; csm;wkdY\MoZmvTrf;rkd;rIatmufwGif a&muf&SdcJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh
w&kwfacwfjydKifrSwf wrf;rsm;wGif ysLwkdY\tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;udk
az:jyonfhtcg ysLwkdY\ta&SUbuftdrfeD; csif;onf urfyl;csm;(crm)wkdYjzpfaMumif;
tjrJqkdonf/
a&S;tcgü
urfyl;csm;(crm)wkdYae&yfrS rJerfjrpf0Srf;udk ausmfjzwfí ysLwkdYae&yf
okdY aygufa&mufaom ukef;vrf;ukefoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;wpfck wnf&SdcJh\/
,if; ukefoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;onf
w&kwf-tdE´d,ukefoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;ESifhqufxm; onf/
vrf;qkH&Gmjzpfonfh ae&yfa'oonf ysLwkdY\tcsuftcsma'ojzpfaom Adó
Ekd;yifjzpfygonf/ rJerfjrpf0Srf;udkodrf;ydkufxm;aom
zleefrif;(urfyl;csm;rif;)zefref onf zleef(urfyl;csm;)ESifh ysLwkdYtMum;
wnf&Sdaom ukef;vrf;ukefoG,fa&; vrf; aMumif;\okH;ykHESpfykHcefYudk xdef;csKyfxm;EkdifcJhjyDjzpfonf/
usef&Sdaom okH;ykHwpfykHcefYudk rdrd\MoZmtmPmatmufodkY a&mufvmatmif
aqmif&GufvkdaomqE´ &SdcJhwef&m onf/ zleef-ysLwkdYtMum;&Sdaom
ukef;vrf;ukefoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;wpfckvkH;udk xdef; csKyfxm;EkdifrSomvQif
zleefonf zleefESifhysLwkdYtMum; &Sdaom ukefoG,fa&; vrf; aMumif;udk
vuf0g;MuD;tkyfEkdifayvdrfhrnf/ wzef AdóEdk;onf w&kwf-tdE´d,ukef;
vrf;ukefoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;ESifhysL-zleef(crm odkYr[kwf
urfyl;csm;)ukef;vrf;ukef oG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;\qkH&ma'ojzpf\/ AdóEkd;ukd
zleefatmufokdY a&mufatmif aqmif&GufEkdifygvQif w&kwf-tdE´d,?
odkYr[kwf w&kwf-a&mrwkdYtMum; jzpfxGef;ae aom ukefoG,fa&;\tusKd;ukd
zleefom;wkdYvnf; cHpm;cGifh&&SdEkdifMurnf/ zefref(oD&d rm&)onf
aoe*FAsL[m uRrf;usifvdr®maomppfolMuD;wpfOD;jzpfí vrf;yef;quf
oG,fa&;taMumif;ESifhukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;
jzpfxGef;aeonfhtaMumif;udk aumif;pGmodcJhrnf jzpf\/
a&vrf;ukefoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;udk rdrdtmPmpufuGif; odkYa&mufatmif
rjyKvkyfEkdifao;rD? ukef;vrf;ukefoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif; ESpfoG,fqkH&m
jzpfaom AdóEkd;ukd a&S;OD;pGmwkdufckdufí odrf;,lxm;EkdifrS zleefwkdYtzdkY
tusKd;&Sdrnf udk zefref(oD&drm&)u aumif;pGmem;vnfcJh[efwlygonf/
xkdYaMumifh zefref(oD&drm &)onf ta&SUbuf&Sd prÜ(,ck
AD,uferfawmifydkif;)ESifhtaemufbufrJerfjrpf0Srf; (,ckxkdif;EkdifiH)udk
atmifjrifjyD;onfhaemuf wnf&Sdaomukefvrf;ukefoG,fa&;vrf; aMumif;twkdif;
AdóEkd;odkY csOf;eif;wkdufckdufvmawmhonf/ xkdtcgü zefref(oD&drm
&)acgif;aqmifaom zleeftifyg,mMuD; tm;MuD;aecsdefjzpfonf/ taemufwpfcGifodkY
e,fajrcsJUxGifvmaom zleefonf ukefoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;ESpfoG,fqkH&m t&yfjzpf
aom AdóEkd;jrdKUukd vufvTwfxm;rnfr[kwfay/ xkdYaMumifh a&S;a[mif;okawoe
awGU&SdcsufESifh ta&SUawmiftm&S acwfa[mif;orkdif;jzpfpOfESifh
aygif;pyfMunfhaomf AdóEkd;jrdKUonf wpfMudrfwpfcg ysufcJhzl;jcif;onf
zleefppfonfwkdYvufcsufomjzpf onf/ zleefppfonfwkdYonf AdóEkd;odkY 0ifa&mufwkdufckdufcJhaom
umvonf c&pf ESpf 205-225 twGif;jzpfonf/ ysLwkdYtcsif;csif; wkdufckdufí
AdóEkd;jrdKUMuD;wpfMudrf ysufcJhonf r[kwfay/
ဗိႆႏုိးၿမိဳ႕သို႔ မြန္မ်ား ၀င္ေရာက္လာျခင္း
AdóEkd;udk
zleefrif; zefref(oD&drm&)\ppfonfrsm;onf csOf;eif;0ifa&muf
wkdufckdufjyD;aemuf rJerfjrpf0Srf;rS rGeftcsKdUwkYdonf
ysL-zleefukef;vrf;tm;jzifhaomf vnf;aumif;? ppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;taMuykdif;&Sd
rGeftcsKdUwdkYonf ppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;t wkdif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;
AdóEkd;ESifhteD;wpf0dkufodkY 0ifa&mufvmawmhonf/ xkdY aMumifh c&pfESpf
231-ESpf zleefodkY a&mufcJhaom w&kwfoHtzGJUwpfzGJUonf AdóEkd; a'oudk
&rnf(&mrn)EkdifiH[k odvmonf/ zleefonf ok0PÖblrdudk odrf;ydkuf,ljyD;
onfaemuf zleefrS AdóEkd;a'ookdY aygufa&mufaom vrf;wpfck wkd;vmonf/ zleefonf
rJerfjrpf0Srf;taMuykdif;udkjzwfí ppfawmif;jrpf0odkYa&mufjyD;vQif xkdrSw
qifh ppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;twkdif; AdóEkd;odkY c&D;qufonf/
ပ်ဴတုိ႔က ဗိႆႏုိးၿမိဳ႕ကုိ ျပန္လည္သိမ္းယူခဲ့ျခင္း
AdóEkd;rS
oa&acwå&modkY a&TUajymif;oGm;cJhaomysLwkdYonf c&pfESpf av;-ig;
&mpkcefYwGif tiftm;MuD;rm;vmojzifh olwdkY\bkd;ab;rsm;\ae&yfjzpfcJhzl;aom
Adó Ekd;a'oudk jyefvnf&,l&ef wkdufckdufvmawmh\/ þtcsufonf
'@m&DykHjyifvm 'Gwåaygifrif;MuD;u yefxGmjynf&Sifrif;orD;udk
vkyfMuHcJhonfhtaMumif;ESifhvnf;vnf; aumif;?
a&S;a[mif;okawoeawGUodcsuft& c&pfESpf av;-ig;&mpkwGif
AdóEkd;jrdKU qdwfokOf;oGm;cJhonfhtaMumif;ESifhvnf;aumif; umvtm;jzifh
qufpyfEkdifygonf/ rJerfjrpf0Srf;rS AdóEkd;a'ookdY 0ifa&muftkyfpkd;aom
bk&ifrudk yefxGmrif;orD;[k tpOftvmpum;u qkdonf/ xkdyefxGmrif;orD;onf
AdóEkd;a'owGif tkyfpkd;cJhzl; aomaMumifh AdóEkd;jrdKUudk yefxGmjynf[kvnf;
ac:Muonf/ xkdyefxGmtrsKd;orDD;udk ysLwkdYu okHYyef;tjzpf oa&acwå&modkY
aqmifMuOf;cJhaomfvnf; yefxGmrif;orD;tkyf csKyfa&;vufatmufwGif ysLwkdYu
at;csrf;pGm aexkdifEkdifouJhokdY ysLwkdYonf AdóEkd; jrdKUudk
jyefvnfodrf;,lonfhtcg ,if;a'owGif usef&Sdaom rGefwkdYonfvnf; ysLwkdY
tkyfcsKyfa&;atmufwGif ysKwkdYESifhtwl jidrf;csrf;pGm aexkdifEkdifcJhonf/
t0acwf a&mufvmonfhwkdifatmif ,if;a'owGif txl;ojzifh
&rnf;oif;wpf0dkufwGif rGef rsm;&Sdao;onf[k ,lq&ef&Sdygonf/
rGef(&rnf)wkdYu oif;zGJUí trsm;qkH;aexkdifcJh aom t&yfudk
&rnf;oif;[k jrefrmwkdYu ac:cJhjcif; jzpfayrnf/ rlvjrefrm(a&S;OD;
jrefrm)rsm;wkdYonf c&pfESpf 7-&mpkcefYu jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;odkY
0ifa&mufvmaomt cg a&S;OD;pGm awGUxdcJhaomrGef(&rnf)rsm;onf
AdóEkd;a'o &rnf;oif;a'oteD; w0kdufwGif ysHUESHYaexkdifcJhaom
rGefrsm;jzpfwef&monf/
c&pfESpf
3-&mpkOD;ydkif;wGif zleef(a&S;a[mif;crm? a&S;a[mif;urfyl;csm;)wkdY\
wkdufckdufrIaMumifh AdóEkd;onf jrdKUysuf jynfysuf
wpfMudrfawGUMuKH&jyD;aemuf c&pf ESpf 4-5 &mpkwGif
oa&acwå&mrS ysLrsm;jyefvnfwkdufckdufvmojzifh AdóEkd;jrdKUonf
ysufpD;cJhjyefonf/ ysLwkdYjyefvnfodrf;,ljyD;aom AdóEkd;onf EkdifiHa&;tcsuftcsm
a'or[kwfawmhaomfvnf; pD;yGm;a&;? ukefoG,fa&;tcsuftcsma'owpfcktjzpf
vnf;aumif;? aoe*FAsL[mt& ta&;ygt&ma&mufaom a'owpfcktjzpfvnf;
aumif;qufvufwnfwHhcJhygonf/ ysLwkdYu AdóEkd;udk jyefvnfodrf;,l&jcif;\ t
aMumif;&if;onf ukefoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;ESpfoG,f qkH&mt&yfudk
rdrdwkdYvufxJokdY jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;yif
jzpfayownf;/
&nfpdef
rSwfcsuf/ /&wemrGef"r®r*¾Zif; 1980-ckESpf?
Mo*kwfvxkwf pmrsufESm (62-rS-58xd)vm&dSaom aqmif;yg;udk
jyefvnf&kdufESdyfygonf/
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