သေရေခတၱရာေခတ္ ပ်ဴဗုဒၶ၀င္မ်ား

သေရေခတၱရာေခတ္ ပ်ဴဗုဒၶ၀င္မ်ား

jrifhaqG

tapmqkH;Ak'¨0if

       tu,fí rSefeef;&mZ0ifMuD;\ tqkdtrdefYudk vufcHMurnf[kqkdvQif jrefrm EkdifiHü waumif;acwfuyif Ak'¨omoema&muf&SdaejyD[k ,lq&ayrnf/ tb,f aMumifhqkdaomf 'kwd,waumif;qufukd pwifwnfaxmifaom "Z&mZmrif;MuD;\ eef;awmfaqmufvkyf&mü ]]&[EÅmESpfyg; y&dwfarwåmjyK&\}}[k rSefeef;r[m&mZ0if awmfMuD;ü azmfjyxm;aomaMumifh jzpfonf/

       odkYaomf waumif;acwfü tu©&mpmaytrSwftom; rawGU&ouJhodkY Ak'¨0if qkdif&m &kyfwk&kyfvkH;ponfh yef;ykç yef;csDvuf&mrsm;udkvnf; rawGU&Sd&ay/ jrefrmEkdif iHü tapmqkH; awGU&Sd&aom Ak'¨0if ysLAk'¨0ifjzpfonf/ ysLvlrsKd;rsm;rSm pmESifhayESifh rSm tu©&ma&;twwf xGef;um;aom vlrsKd;jzpfí tu©&mjzifha&;xm;aom ysLAk'¨ 0ifrsm; &Sd-r&Sd? {uefrod&aomfvnf; ,ckawGU&Sd&aom Ak'¨0ifrSmum; ysLtu©&mjzifh a&;xm;aom Ak'¨0ifrsKd; r[kwfay/ tdE´d,EkdifiH taomurif;w&m;MuD; xkvkyfudk; uG,fcJhaom &kyfwk&kyfvkH; Ak'¨0ifrsKd;om jzpfonf/

       ,if;ysLAk'¨0if&kyfwkrsm;udk ysLvlrsKd;wkdY\NrdKUawmfjzpfcJhbl;aom oa&acwå&mNrdKU a[mif; arSmfZm&Gmü wl;azmfawGU&SdcJh&jcif;jzpfonf/

       tqkdyg ysLAk'¨0if&kyfwkrsm; taMumif;udk ausmufpm0ef(a[mif;)OD;vlaz0if; u 1940-ckESpf arvxkwf '*kefr*¾Zif;wGif "mwfykHrsm;jzifh a&;om;cJhbl;&m pdwf0if zG,f&m od&Sd&ayonf/

&Spfcef;Ak'¨0if

       oa&acwå&mNrdKUa[mif;twGif;ü a&S;tcgu eE´muef[lívnf;aumif;? avmueE´muef[lívnf;aumif;? odMum;tif;[lívnf;aumif;? ac:a0:Muaom a&uefMuD;wuef&Sdonf/ ,if;a&uefMuD;rSm ,cktcg a&r&Sdawmhay/ jAdwdoQwkdY atmufjrefrmEkdifiHudk odrf;ykdufjyD;puwnf;u uefrSa&rsm;udk azmufxkwfvkdufjyD; aemuf &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm; v,f,mvkyfudkifvsuf&Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifhvnf; ,if;a&uefae &mudk ,cktcg &Srf;vGifjyif[k ac:a0:vsuf&SdMuonf/

       ,if;uefaygif&kd;ay:wGif txdu& anmifyifMuD;wyif &SdaomaMumifh xkduef aygif&kd;udk a&Tanmifyif&kd;[k ac:Muonf/ xkdYjyif xdkuefaygif&kd;ay:ü aqmufvkyf xm;aom bkef;MuD;ausmif;udkvnf; a&Tanmifyif&kd;ausmif;[k ac:a0:aeMuonf/

       waeYü a&Tanmifyif&kd;ausmif;rS ausmif;om;i,fwa,mufonf avmufpm vkH; &SmazGaumuf,laepOf ausmif;avSum;&if;teD; ajrjyifay:ü jyLxGufaeaom ausmufvkH;uav;[k xifrSwf&onfh t&m0w¬Kwckudk jrif&m 0rf;omtm;&aumuf ,lvkdufonf/

       odkYaomf ,if;t&m0w¬KrSm ausmufvkH;i,f r[kwfbJ ausmufjym;MuD;wck\t pGef;jzpfaeaomaMumifh aumuf,lír&ay/ wl;azmufvkdufrS ausmufjym;MuD;rSmay: xGufvmonf/ ay:xGufvmaom ausmufjym;MuD;ay:wGif &kyfvkH;rsm; xGif;xkxm; onfudk jrif&ojzifh bkef;MuD;ausmif;om;uav;rSm tHhtm;oifhum ol\q&mbkef; MuD;xH oGm;a&mufavQmufxm;onf/

       þtaMumif;udk od&Sd&aomtcg a&Tanmifyif&kd;bkef;awmfMuD;onf ol\qGrf; 'umrsm;jzpfMuaom awmifvkH;ndK&Gmom;rsm;udk ac:,lum wl;azmfrIjyK&m Ak'¨0if qif;wk q,fqlESifhaiG"mwfawmfMuKwf? a&T"mwfawmfMuKwfrsm;udk &&SdcJhonf/

       ,if;Ak'¨0ifausmuf&kyfwkrsm;rSm-

(1)bk&m;avmif; zGm;jrifawmfrlcef;/

(2)"r®pMumw&m;OD; a[mawmfrlcef;/

(3)'kuúp&d,musifhawmfrlcef;/

(4)rm&fppfonfudk atmifjriftHhaomiSm ajrukd oufaownfcef;/

(5)rm&fppfonfudk atmifjrifawmfrlcef;/

(6)o&ufjzLyifatmufü wefckd;jym#d[mjyawmfrlcef;/

(7)wm0wðomewfjynfü tbd"r®ma'oemawmfudk a[mawmfrlcef;/

(8)emVm*D&dqifudk atmifawmfrlcef; ponfwkdYjzpfonf/

ausmufpm0efrsm;\t,ltqtrsKd;rsKd;

       txufyg Ak'¨0if&kyfwkrsm;tjyif rukd#fo&zlaqmif;xm;aom ZrÁKywdcRwfcef; &kyfwkawmfwqlvnf; yg&Sdonf/ xkdYjyif OaoQmifawmfrygbJ 0rf;Akdufawmfazmif; um;jyD; xuf0,fzGJUacGxm;tyfaom ajcaxmufay:0,f vufESpfzufwckESifhwck&Suf um wifxm;onfh psmef0ifpm;xkdifae[ef &kyfwkawmfwqlvnf; yg&Sdao;onf/ ,if;&kyfwkawmfESihfywfoufí a&S;ausmufpm0efrsm;utrsKd;rsKd;xifjrif,lqMuonf/

       ,if;&kyfwkawmfudk ausmufpm0efrpöwmawmfpdefcdku w&kyfvlrsKd;rsm; udk;uG,f aom]]rDvkdzl}}[k w&kyfbmomjzifh ac:qkdonfh arawå,sbk&m;avmif; qif;wkawmf jzpfonf[k qkdonf/

       ausmufpm0efrpöwm'l&GKdifZ,furl ,if;&kyfwkawmfukd t&Sifr[mupönf;jzpf [efwlonf[k ,lqonf/ ausmufpm0efOD;jrurlum; *0Hywd&[EÅmjzpf[efwlonf [k ajymqkdonf/

      

tdE´d,Ak'¨0ifESifhysLAk'¨0if

       jrefrmEkdifiHü ysLvlrsKd;rsm;onf at'DokH;&mpkrS at'Dukd;&mpktxd udk,fhxD; udk,fheef;ESifhx,fx,f0g0gaexkdifcJholrsm; jzpfMuonf/ ukd,fydkif,Ofaus;rI? udk,fykdif tu©&m? udk,fykdifpmaywkdYjzifhvnf; orkdif;ü awmufajymifcJholrsm;jzpfonf/

       xdktcsdefu tdE´d,EkdifiHawmifydkif; uvd*Fwkdif;? wdvd*Fewkdif;? uGef*sDAm&rf bufrS tdE´d,wkdif;om;rsm;onf jrefrmEkdifiHok0PÖblrd&Sd rGefvlrsKd;rsm;ESifhvnf; aumif; oa&acwå&m&Sd ysLvlrsKd;rsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; ul;vl;qufqHrI &SdaeMujyDjzpf onf/ vlrsKd;csif;omrubJ ,Ofaus;rItcsif;csif;vnf; ul;vl;qufqHcJhMuonfh ordkif;ajc&majcaMumif;rsm;ukd awGU&Sdae&jyDjzpfonf/

       þwGif *kwåacwf at'Dig;&mpkuwnf;u tdE´d,EkdifiHü &Spfcef;Ak'¨0if&kyfwk rsm; acwfpm;aejyDjzpfaMumif;udkvnf; owdjyKbkdYvkdayonf/ ,if;tdE´d,EkdifiH*kwå acwfu acwfpm;cJhaom &Spfcef;Ak'¨0if&kyfwkrsm;rSm...

(1)bk&m;avmif;zGm;jrifawmfrlcef;/

(2)bk&m;jzpfawmfrlcef;/

(3)"r®pMumw&m;OD;a[mawmfrlcef;/

(4)wefckd;jym#d[m jyawmfrlcef;/

(5)yvvJawmü pHawmfrlcef;/

(6)wm0wðomrS qif;<uawmfrlcef;/

(7)emVm*D&dqifudk cRwfawmfrlcef;/

(8)y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlcef;wkdYjzpfMuonf/

*kwåacwfvuf&mqefaejcif;

       þtdE´d,&Spfcef; Ak'¨0ifESifhtxufu azmfjycJhaom ysL&Spfcef;Ak'¨0ifrsm;rSm &Spf ck[laom ocsFmcsif;omwlí taMumif;t&mcsif;um; tvkH;pkHrwlMuay/ wpdwfw a'otm;jzifhom wlnDaeonf/

       okdYaomftqkdyg ysLAk'¨0if&kyfwkrsm;udk at'Dig;&mpku tdE´d,EkdifiH *kwåacwf vuf&mqefaeaMumif; orkdif;okawoDrsm;u tuJjzwfMuonf/

       odkYjzpf&m ysLAk'¨0if&kyfwkrsm;rSm tdE´d,wGif acwfpm;cJhaom tdE´d,&Spfcef;Ak'¨ 0ifrsm;ESifhtaMumif;t&mtm;jzifh tvkH;pkHrwlonfhwkdifatmif...

(u)wpdwfwa'otm;jzifh wlnDaerI/

(c) ta&twGufocsFmtm;jzifh wlnDaerI/

(*)at'Dudk;&mpkrwkdifrDu tdE´d,EkdifiHawmifykdif;ESifhjrefrmwkdY tcsif;csif;ul;vl;quf qHaecJhrIwkdYudk axmufqygu ,if;ysLAk'¨0if&kyfwkrsm;udk at'Dig;&mpk tdE´d,*kwå acwfvuf&mqef;Mu,faeaMumif; tuJjzwfjcif;rSm ,kwådwefonf[k ,lq&ayonf/

jrifhaqG

rSwfcsuf/    /jr0wDr*¾Zif;? 1978-ckESpf? {jyDv? pmrsufESm(27-28)üvm&Sdaom aqmif;yg;udk jyefvnfjyifqifjcif;r&SdbJ &kdufESdyfxm;ygonf/