ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္ေန႔၏ေနာက္ခံသမုိင္း (ဦးေရႊအုံး)

&Srf;jynfe,faeY\

aemufcHorkdif;

ဦးေရႊအုံး

       ,cktcg ESpfpOfazaz:0g&Dv(7)&ufaeYwkdif;wGif ]]&Srf;jynfe,faeY}}tjzpfusif; yavh&SdonfrSm trsm;odyifjzpfonf/ odkYaomf xkdaeY\aemufcHorkdif;udk jynfhpkHrSef uefpGm odol tawmfyif enf;yg;vmacsjyD/ wcsKdUu 0dk;wkd;0g;wm;om odonf/ t csKdUurl trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif; odonf/ orkdif;wGif rSwfwrf;wif&rnfh aeYwpfaeYudk 0dk;wkd;0g;wm; tod? trSm;trSm; t,Gif;,Gif; todjzifh usif;yae&vQif rsm;pGmtEÅ &m,f&Sdayonf/ tESpf(40)rQ tcsdeftwGif; raorcsm ra&r&m jzpfaevQif aemif wacwfwGif trSefw&m; uG,foGm;rnfukdyif pdk;&drf&ayonf/

       trSeftm;jzifh ]]&Srf;jynfe,faeY}}onf ]]&Srf;trsKd;om;aeY}}rS toGifajymif;vm cJhonf/ &Srf;trsKd;om;aeYonf jrefrmtrsKd;om;aeYudk rSDjirf;jyKcJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh jref rmtrsKd;om;aeYtaMumif;udk a&S;OD;pGm tusOf;rQ az:jyrSomvQif þaqmif;yg;\ &nf&G,fcsufudk jcKHikHrdygrnf/ &efukefwuúodkvftufOya'ukd rauseyfojzifh 1282- ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf(10)&uf? (5-12-20)aeYwGif &efukefaumvdyfESifh,k' oefaumvdyfwkdYrS ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwkdY\ausmif;rsm;udk pwifoydwfarSmufcJh Muonf/ xkdtcsdeftcgu jrefrmjynfwGif EkdifiHa&;Ekd;Mum;rI r&SdcJhao;acs/ vufwpf qkyfpm ynmwwfvlMuD;ydkif; wcsKdUuom t*Fvdyftpkd;&ESifhaphpyfta&;qkdaom t ajctaerQom&Sdí rnfonfhtcGifhta&;rSvnf; rnfrnf&& r&&SdcJhao;ay/ xkdt ajctaewGif txufygwuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;\oydwfonf wpfEkdifiHvkH;EkdifiH a&;tdyfarmusae&mrS vefYEkd;vmapcJhonf// e,fcsJU&efudk pwifpdefac:EkdifcJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh xkdokdYoydwf pwifarSmufonfhaeYudk ]]ausmif;om;aeY}}[k owfrSwf&ef oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;u tqkdjyKowfrSwfcJhonf/

       odkYaomf 1921-ckESpf? atmufwkdbmv(24)&ufaeYwGif rEÅav;jrdKUü usif;y aom e0rtMudrfajrmuf *sDpDwDat tpnf;ta0;MuD;wGif ae&Sife,fa';ac:trsKd; om;aeY wpfaeYowfrSwfoifhaMumif; tqkdwpf&yfay:aygufvmcJhonf/ trsKd;om; aeYwpfaeY owfrSwfoifhaMumif; oabmwlMuaomfvnf; rnfonfhaeYudk owfrSwf oifhaMumif; aqG;aEG;Mu&m tcsKdUu ygawmfrlaeYudk tqkdjyKonf/ odkYaomf xdkaeY onf &IH;edrfhjcif;udk t"dyÜg,faqmifojzifh rESpfoufMuay/ wuúodkvftufOya'ukd oydwfarSmufjcif;onf jAdwdoQwkdYtm; yxrOD;pGm awmfvSefykefuefjcif;jzpfonf/ o ydwfarSmufjcif;onf ausmif;om;udpötwGufomr[kwf jrefrmhwpfrsKd;om;vkH;twGuf awmfvSefjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh xkdodkYoydwf pwifarSmufaomaeYudkomvQif ]]t rsKd;om;aeY}}tjzpf owfrSwf&ef tqdkjyKqkH;jzwfEkdifcJhavonf/ xdkYaMumifh wefaqmif rkef;vqkwf(10)&ufaeYudk ]]ausmif;om;aeY}}tpm; trsKd;om;aeYtjzpf usif;yvmcJh Muygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; xdkaeYudk jrefrmtrsKd;om;aeY[lívnf;aumif;? ]]jrefrmt rsKd;om;atmifyGJaeY}}[lívnf;aumif;? trnftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh ac:a0:okH;pGJvmcJhMuav onf/

       xkd1920-jynfhtcsdefwGif jAdwdoQtpkd;&vufatmufü jrefrmjynfr(Burma proper)ESifhacwfaemufusefe,fajrrsm; (Backward Tracks)[lí&Srf;jynf? ucsif? csif;a'o tygt0if awmifwef;a'orsm;udk cGJjcm;tkyfcsKyfjcif;cHae&onfh tcg or,jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh tqkdyg ]]trsKd;om;aeY}}(ac:)jrefrmtrsKd;om;aeYudk jref rmjynfrwGifom tusKH;0ifcJhavonf/ odkYaomf jrefrmjynfrwGif jrefrmvlrsKd;ouf oufom aexkdifMuonfr[kwf/ rGef? u&if? &Srf;? csif;? ucsifpaom wkdif;&if;om; rsm;pGmvnf; xkdtxJwGif yg0ifMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh twkdcsKH;í ]]jrefrmtrsKd;om;aeY}} [kac:a0:cJhMuapumrl tESpfom&tm;jzifh jrefrmjynfrae rGef? jrefrm? u&if? u csif? csif;? &Srf;paom wkdif;&if;om;tm;vkH;ESifhoufqkdifaMumif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;vsuf &Sdygonf/ xkdxufus,fjyefYpGm aumufcsufcs&ygrl jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvkH;(awmifwef;a' orsm;tygt0if)&Sd wkdif;&if;om;tm;vkH;ESifhoufqkdifaMumif; ay:vGifvmrnf jzpfyg onf/

       xdktcsdefor,wGif &Srf;jynfwGif EkdifiHa&;arSmiftwdusaecsdefjzpfonf/ &Srf; jynfvlxkonf EkdifiHa&;todÓPfü evydef;wkH;yif jzpfacsonf/ &Srf;jynf\EkdifiHa&; onf e,f&SifapmfbGm;rsm;\vufxJüom&Sdonf/ xkdpOfu apmfbGm;rsm;\EkdifiHa&; um; t*Fvdyftpkd;& ckdif;orQ vkyfjyD; wpfcGef;wpfyg'rQ jyefrajym0Hhaomtcsdef jzpf onf/

       1930-jynfhESpfwGif tdE´d,ESifhjrefrm cGJa&;wGJa&;jyóemESifhywfoufí vef 'efjrdKUü fusif;yaom rsufESmpkHnDtpnf;ta0;odkY jrefrmjynfrrS udk,fpm;vS,f(21)OD; omwufa&mufcGifh&cJhavonf/ &Srf;jynfe,frS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;vnf; wufa&muf cGifhjyK&ef apmfbGm;rsm;u ta&;qkdaomtcg anmifa&TapmfbGm;ESifhoDaygapmfbGm;wkdY (2)OD;om wufa&mufcGifhay;cJhavonf/ xkdtcGifhta&;udk 1930-ckESpf? pufwifbm v(7)&ufaeYwGif &&SdcJhjcif;jzpf&m atmifjrifrItxdrf;trSwftaejzifh xkdaeYudk &Srf; trsKd;om;aeYtjzpf apmfbGm;rsm;u owfrSwfcJhMuygonf/

       odkYaomfvnf; &Srf;trsKd;om;aeY tcrf;tem;udk wpfMudrfwpfcgrQ usif;yEkdifcJh jcif;r&Sdyg/ taMumif;rSm xkdtcsdefumvwGif vlxktpnf;ta0;qkdonfrSm &Srf;jynf e,ftbd"mefwGif ray:ao;aomaMumifhyif jzpfygonf/

       jrefrmtrsKd;om;aeYjzpfay:apcJhaom 1282-ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf(10) &ufaeY (5-12-20)onf e,fcsJUt*Fvdyftm; EkdifiHa&;toGifoP²meftm;jzifh xd a&mufpGm awmfvSefykefuefjcif;t"dyÜg,fudk aqmifonf/ &Srf;trsKd;om;aeY[k pwif jzpfay:apcJhaom 1930-ckESpf? pufwifbmv(7)&ufaeYonf tpnf;ta0;odkYwuf a&mufcGifh&jcif;rQomjzpfjyD; xkdtpnf;ta0;rSvnf; wkdif;jynftwGuf rnfrnf&& bmtcGifhta&;rS &cJhMuonfr[kwf&m? rnfuJhodkYrQ av;eufaom t"dyÜg,fudk r aqmifcJhacs/ xkdYaMumifhyif ¤if;&Srf;trsKd;om;aeYonf arG;jyD;onfESifhaoaomuav; uJhodkY ponfESifh wpfjydKifeuf ed|dwH jzpfcJh&avonf/

       xkdpOftcgu &Srf;jynfonf jrefrmjynfrtpdk;&\vufatmufcH r[kwf/ jref rmbk&ifcHonf ya'o&mZfaumifpDac:(Federal Council of Shan Chiefs) rSwqifh &Srf;jynfudk tkyfcsKyfonf/ tqkdyg ya'o&mZfaumifpDwGif &Srf;jynfwkdif; rif;MuD;(rsufESmjzL)u Ouú|? &Srf;jynfawmifydkif; ta&;ykdif(rsufESmjzL)u twGif;a&; rSL;jzpfjyD; apmfbGm;rsm;u tzGJU0ifjzpfonf/ xkdaumifpDonf rnfonfhEkdifiHa&;tm PmrQr&Sd/ tMuHay;tzGJUomjzpfonf/ vlxkukd,fpm;vS,f[lí vkH;0r&Sd/ EkdifiHa&;[l onfrSm vlxkESifhbmrQrqkdifcJhacs/ xkdtcsdeftcgu tajctaeudk tusOf;csKH;íajym &vQif t*Fvdyftpkd;&onf t&Sifocif? apmfbGm;rsm;onf uRefjzpfjyD; &Srf;jynfvlxk onf oaygufae&m tqifhwGifom jzpfayonf/ 'kwd,urÇmppfMuD; jzpfonfhtcsdef (1941-ckESpf)txd ¤if;tajctaetwkdif; jzpfcJhavonf/

       'kwd,urÇmppfMuD;twGif; *syefacwfü &Srf;jynf\EkdifiHa&;tajctae pwif ajymif;vJvmcJhonf/ &Srf;jynftESHYtjym; jrdKUMuD;rsm;ü tm&Svli,ftpnf;t&kH;cGJrsm; pwifzGJUpnf;wnfaxmifEkdifcJhMuonf/ tm&Svli,f tpnf;t&kH;cGJrsm;onf EkdifiHa&; vkyfief;pOfryg// vlrIa&;jyKjyifa&; tpnf;t&kH;rQom jzpfaomfvnf; &Srf;jynforkdif; wGif yxrOD;qkH; us,fjyefYpGm vIyf&Sm;EkdifcJhaom vlxktpnf;t&kH;jzpfcJhonf/ xkdrS wpfqifh zufqpfqefYusifa&; awmfvSefa&;om;aumif;rsm; arG;xkwfay;EkdifcJhjyD; Ekdif  iHa&;toGifoP²mefodkY ajymif;vJvmEkdifcJhygonf/

       xdkYaMumifh 'kwd,urÇmppfMuD;jyD;í r[mrdwffwyfrsm; jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvm aomtcsdefwGif &Srf;jynfvlxktaejzifh EkdifiHa&;tmPmudk vlxkvufxJa&mufzkdY t csdefwefjyD[k pwifem;vnfvmMuonf/ apmfbGm;rsm;udk,fwkdifuvnf; wkd;wuf ajymif;vJvmaom acwfumvtavsmuf &Srf;jynfe,f EkdifiHa&;ZmwfckHwGif rdrdwkdY csnf; uírjzpfawmh/ vlxkukd,fpm;vS,frsm;yg yg0ifrS atmifjrifvdrfhrnf[koabm aygufvmMuonf/ ,cif ppfrjzpfrDu zGJUpnf;xm;cJhaom rsufESmjzLwkdif;rif;MuD;ESifh ta&;ydkifwkdYtkyfcsKyfjc,fvS,faom ya'o&mZfaumifpDudk jyefvnftoufroGif; awmhbJ apmfbGm;csnf;rsm;om yg0ifaom &Srf;jynfapmfbGm;aumifpDudk pwifzGJUpnf; cJhavonf/ vlxkukd,fpm;vS,fwpf0uf yg0ifzGJUpnf;a&;ukd ,if;apmfbGm;rsm;aumif pD tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGifyif pwifaqG;aEG;vmcJhMu\/

       ppfjyD;acwfwGif vlxktzGJUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh jynfolU&JabmfwyfzGJUrsm;? aemuf &Srf;jynfvGwfvyfa&;tzGJUrsm; pwifzGJUpnf;vmMuonf/ EkdifiHa&;udk ay:ay: xifxif pwifpnf;&kH;vIyf&Sm;vmEkdifcJhMuonf/ xkdtcsdefavmufwGif t*Fvdyftpkd;& u a&;qGJpDrHxm;aom awmifwef;a'orsm; pnf;rsOf;(Frontier Areas Regu- lation)ay:xGufvmonf/ xkdpnf;rsOf;pDrHudef;t& &Srf;? ucsif? csif;paom awmif wef;a'orsm;udk jrefrmjynfrESifhryl;aygif;bJ wkduf&kdufxm;&Sd tkyfcsKyf&ef jzpfonf/ ¤if;pDrHudef;udk &IaxmifhwpfrsKd;pDrS jrifMuaomfvnf; vlxka&m apmfbGm;rsm;yg r MudKufESpfoufwmcsif; wlnDMuavonf/

       xkdtawmtwGif; 1946-ckESpf? rwfvwGif yxryifvkHtpnf;ta0;(xkdpOfu nDvmcH[k rac:yg)udkvnf;aumif;? 1947-ckESpfwGif 'kwd,yifvkHtpnf;ta0;udk vnf;aumif; ac:,lusif;yEkdifcJhMuonf/ xkdtpnf;ta0;rsm;rS apmfbGm;rsm;(&Srf; jynfapmfbGm;rsm;aumifpD)u MuD;rSL;usif;yaomfvnf; vlxktaeESifhyg0ifpGufzuf ajymqkdvmEkdifMuayjyD/ vlxkqkdonfrSm pepfwus w&m;0if a&T;cs,fwifajr§mufxm; aom vlxkukd,fpm;vS,frsm;um; r[kwfygay/ vlxka&T;aumufyGJqkdonfrSm xkdt csdeftxd &Srf;jynfwGif r&Sdzl;cJhao;yg/ xkdYaMumifh apmfbGm;rsm;u rdrdwdkYe,frS oifh awmfrnfxifí a&T;cs,fac:aqmifvmolrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/ xkdYaMumifh apmfbGm; rsm;\nD? aqGrsKd;? rdrdwkdYMoZmanmif;rnfholrsm; ygvmMuonf/ *syefacwfu tm&S vli,ftpnf;t&kH;ESifh*syefawmfvSefa&;jzifh EkdifiHa&;rsufpdyGifhvmcgp vli,frsm;u vnf;qkdif;oH? AkHoHMum;vQif raeEkdifaom yGJMudKufy&dowfuJhodkY tpnf;ta0;&Sd&modkY pk&kH;a&muf&SdvmMuonf/ trSeftm;jzifh rnfolUudkrQ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&T;aumuf jcif;? wifajr§mufjcif;? apvTwfjcif;r&Sdovkd(>cif;csuf tenf;i,frSty)w&m;0ifzdwf Mum;jcif;vnf;r&SdcJhyg/ bk&m;yGJ? ZmwfyGJaMumfjimurf;ovkd urf;vSrf;jzefYcsdaom yif vkHtpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&muf&ef vufurf;aMumfjimpmrsm;udk tajcjyKjyD; qkdif;oH AkHoHMum;í a&ma,mif yGJMunfhy&dowftjzpf yifvkHtpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufvm Muolrsm;onf tajctaet& aemiftcgvlxkukd,fpm;vS,frsm;om jzpfcJhMu&onf/

       apmfbGm;rsm;aumifpD0if apmfbGm;rsm;rSvGJí zdwfpmaMumifh a&muf&Sdvmol rsm;rSm csif;? ucsifa'orS awmiftkyfMuD;rsm;? 'l;0g;rsm;? jrefrmjynfrrS EkdifiHa&; acgif;aqmifrsm;om jzpfcJhMuavonf/

       ,cifuwnf;u &SdcJhaom &Srf;jynfya'o&mZfaumifpDonf Oya' ausm axmufaemufcHjyKí pepfwus Oya'abmiftwGif;rS zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifxm;aom aumifpD(Statutory Council)jzpfonf/ ,ckaemufydkif;wGif zGJUpnf;aom &Srf; jynfapmfbGm;rsm;\aumifpDonf Oya'ausmaxmufaemufcH r&Sd/ pepfwusOya' ESifhtnD zGJUpnf;xm;aom tzGJUtpnf; (Statutory Body)r[kwf/ rdrdwkdYtcsif;csif; pkaygif;zGJUpnf;xm;aom omrefEkdifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;oP²mef &Sdonf/ (Oyrm-*sDpDbD at? zqyv ponfuJhodkY)xkdodkYOya'ausmaxmufaemufcHr&Sdaom &Srf;jynfapmf bGm;aumifpD\tpnf;ta0;odkY ¤if;wkdYu zdwfMum;xm;aom {nfhonfawmfrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkYu pk&kH;ac:aqmifvmaom vlxkrsm; qkdif;oHAkHoHMum;í rdrdwkdY\toHjzifh a&muf&SdvmMuaom vli,facgif;aqmifrsm;? pk&kH;pnf;a0;aom yifvkHtpnf;ta0; rsm;(aemifwGif yifvkHnDvmcHrsm;[k todrsm;vmMuonf/)jzpfay:vmcJhonf/

       t*Fvdyftpkd;&u Oya'ausmaxmufaemufcH&Sdaom ,cifu wnf&SdcJhonfh &Srf;jynfya'o&mZfaumifpDudkom todtrSwfjyKvkdonf/ jyefvnftoufoGif;vkd onf/ topfzGJUpnf;aom&Srf;jynfapmfbGm;rsm;aumifpDudk todtrSwfrjyKvkd? t oufroGif;vkd? xkdYaMumifh (15-2-47)aeYwGif &Srf;jynfya'o&mZfaumifpD tpnf;t a0;udk jyefvnfpwifusif;y&ef bk&ifcHu qifhac:avawmhonf/

       3-2-47-aeYusif;yaom apmfbGm;rsm;aumifpDtpnf;ta0;u ,cifya'o &mZfaumifpDukd zsufodrf;ujyD; &Srf;jynfapmfbGm;rsm;\aumifpD tpnf;ta0;tjzpf usif;y&ef qkH;jzwfí 4-2-47aeYwGif aMu;eef;pmtrSwf(609)t&? vlxkudk,fpm; vS,fxuf0ufyg&Sdrnfh &Srf;apmfbGm;rsm; aumifpDtpnf;ta0;udkusif;ycGifhjyK&ef jref rmjynfbk&ifcHESifhawmifwef;a'otkyfcsKyfa&;ukd awmif;qkdcJhonf/ bk&ifcHxHrS xkd awmif;qkdcsufudk rvkdufavsmEkdifaMumif;? Oya't& zGJUpnf;xm;aom ya'o&mZf aumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk t&ifwuf&rnf/ ¤if;tpnf;ta0;urS zGJUpnf;ykHpnf;rsOf; jyefvnfjyKjyifa&;qGJjyD; oifhawmfovkd qufvkyf&ef t"dyÜg,f&aom taMumif;jyef aMu;eef;udk 6-2-47 aeYwGif jyefMum;cJhonf/ bk&ifcH\taMumif;jyefcsufonf]]pm tkyfMuD;}}t& rSefaumif;rSefrnfjzpfaomfvnf; wuf<uaeaom EkdifiHa&;pdwf"gwfESifh qefYusifaeonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh wuf<uaeaom EkdifiHa&;vIyf&Sm;rIukd xkd;ESufacs zsufaom EkdifiHa&;y&d,m,fom jzpfcJhavonf/

       xdktcsdef AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; trSL;jyKaom zqyvudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf vnf;aumif;? tjcm; awmifwef;a'orS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onfvnf;aumif;? tpkH tnDra&mufMuao;/ yifvkHtpnf;ta0;onfvnff;  w&m;0ifrpao;/ tMuKdaqG; aEG;yGJrsm; tqifhwGifom w&m;0ifrpao;/ tMudKaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;tqifhwGifom &Sd ao;onf/ w&m;0if tpnf;ta0;onf 8-2-47 aeYrSom p&efjzpfonf/

       bk&ifcH\aemufqkH; aMu;eef;pmonf Ekd;Mum;wuf<upjzpfonfh apmfbGm;rsm; \EkdifiHa&;t&Sdeft[kefukd qGay;ouJhodkY jzpfap\/ odkYaomf arsmufrD;cJukdifrdovkd bmqufvkyf&rSef; rodao;bJ a'goxGufpdwfwuf<uaeonfhtcsdefjzpfonf/ xkdt csdefwGif yGJcif;(yGJcif;[kqkdojzifh em;r&Iyfapvkdyg/ tpnf;ta0;usif;y&ef taqmuf ttkHudk tv,fuxm;jyD; apmfbGm;rsm;? {nfhonfawmfrsm; wnf;ckd&ef ,m,DwJeef; rsm;? avmif;upm;0kdif;rsm;? aps;qkdifrsm;jzifh jcH&Hxm;&kHomru omreftm;jzifh yifvkH yGJ[kyif xkdpOfu vlodrsm;MuaomaMumifh yGJcif;[k ac:a0:jcif;jzpfygonf/)xJodkY a&muf&SdaejyD;aom tm&Svli,facgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfjyD; apmfbGm;rsKd;EG,fjzpfí apmf bGm;rsm;ESifh&if;ESD;jyD;aom OD;xGef;jrifh(vif;ac;)u ,ckvkd awmif;qkdrIrsKd;wGif apmf bGm;awGcsnf; awmif;qkdaeí t&ma&mufrnfr[kwfaMumif;? vlxkawmif;qkdrI? vl xkaxmufcHrIvkdtyfaMumif;? vlxktpnf;ta0;vkyfjyD; qE´jyawmif;qkd&ef tMuHay; &m apmfbGm;rsm;u oabmwlvufcHMuavonf/ xkdYaMumifh 7-2-47-aeY eHeufykdif; wGif yGJcif;ü vlrsm;udk pk&kH;jyD; tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfvkyfí apmfbGm;rsm;\awmif;qkd rIudk axmufcHaMumif;? wnDwnTwfwnf;qkH;jzwfEkdifcJhMuavonf/ ¤if;qkH;jzwfcsuf udk apmfbGm;rsm;aumifpDu aMu;eef;pmtrSwf(626)jzifh bk&ifcHxH ay;ydkYcJh\/ xkdY aMumifh EkdifiHa&;tkH<urI'Pfudk rcHEkdifbJ apmfbGm;rsm;aumifpD\awmif;qkdcsufudk vkdufavsmaMumif;? &Srf;jynfya'o&mZf\aumifpDukd zsufodrf;aMumif; bk&ifcHxHrS aMu;eef;jyefpmudk xdkaeYnaewGifyif &&SdcJhavonf/ xkdaeYonfum; apmfbGm;rsm; a&m vlxkukd,fpm;vS,frsm;yg taysmfqkH;aeY? pdwftvIyf&Sm;qkH;aeY wpfaeYjzpfcJh& onf/ 8-2-47aeYwGifrS AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf OD;wif{ESifhtwl yifvkHodkYa&muf&Sd vmavonf/

       xkdYaMumifh 11-2-47aeYwGif usif;yaom tpnf;ta0;rS tqkdyg 7-2-47aeY onf &Srf;jynfapmfbGm;rsm;onf vlxkaxmufcHrIjzifh tESpfESpftvvu ikHYcHcJh&aom rsufESmjzLtmPmydkifbk&ifcHudk tefwktEkdif&cJhonfhaeY jzpfaomaMumifh ]]&Srf;trsKd; om;aeY}}tjzpf todtrSwfjyK&ef qkH;jzwfcJhMuavonf/

       7-2-47aeY atmifyGJ&v'ftjzpf vlxkukd,fpm;vS,fwpf0ufyg0ifaom &Srf; jynfe,faumifpDukd zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif&awmhrnf jzpfonf/ apmfbGm;rsm;aumifpD wGif tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0iftjzpf (7)OD;yg&Sd&m? ¤if;apmfbGm;rsm;ESifhyl;wGJtvkyf vkyf&ef&Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifh vlxkudk,fpm;vS,f (7)OD;a&T;cs,f&ef a&S;OD;pGm vkdvmav onf/ xdktcg yGJcif;odkY a&muf&SdaeMujyD; vltrsm;vufcH todtrSwfjyKxm;jyD;jzpf onfh vlxkacgif;aqmifykdif;xJrS rdrdwkdYtcsif;csif; nd§EIdif;jyD;? yx0D0iftydkif;tjcm;t &vnf;aumif;? vlrsKd;pktydkif;tjcm;t&vnf;aumif; a&T;cs,fMu&m atmufygt wkdif; (4)OD; a&T;cs,fcJhMuavonf/

ajrmufydkif;

1/    OD;Mumyk(&Srf;) oDayg

2/    p0f,yfz(&Srf;) ajrmufodEéD

3/    cGefzkef;(ucsif) rdkif;&,f

awmifydkif;

4/    OD;cGefapm("Ek) yif;w,  (ajrvwfydkif; qAÁ'D0DZH)

5/    OD;wif{(tif;) anmifa&T  (tv,fykdif; qAÁ'D0DZH)

6/    OD;cGefxD;(&Srf;) yifvkH      (ta&SUajrmufydkif; qAÁ'D0DZH)

7/    OD;xGef;jrifh(&Srf;) vif;ac;  (ta&SUawmifydkif; qAÁ'D0DZH)

       7-2-47-aeY atmifjrifrIonf yxrajcvSrf; tkwfjrpfomjzpfonf/ xkdaeY atmifjrifrIt&Sdeft[kef pdwf"gwfESifhAkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;\acgif;aqmifrI? aphpyfrIwkdY aMumifh 12-2-47aeYwGif yifvkHpmcsKyfudk vufrSwfa&;xkd;EkdifcJhMuavonf/ xdkyifvkH pmcsKyfwGif txufygvlxk ukd,fpm;vS,f(7)OD;uyif yg0ifvufrSwf a&;xkd;cJhMu& onf/ yifvkHpmcsKyf\toD;tyGifhtjzpf 4-1-48-aeYwGif wkdif;jynftwGuf xl;jcm; aomorkdif;rSwfwkdif pdkufEkdifcJhonfhaeYjzpfaomaMumifh]]&Srf;trsKd;om;aeY}}tjzpf owf rSwfcJhjcif;rSm rsm;pGmavsmfuefoifhjrwfvSayonf/

       þwGif ]]&Srf;trsKd;om;aeY}}[laompum;vkH;\tESpfom&ukd pOf;pm;&efvkdvm ygonf/ xkdaeYonf wkdif; ac: &Srf;trsKd;om;rsm;csnf;om oufqkdifygonfavm/ usefvlrsKd;pkrsm;ESifh roufqkdifawmhbl;avm[laom tar;ay:vmygrnf/ xkdokdYr [kwfyg/ &Srf;jynf&Sd vlrsKd;pktm;vkH;ESifhqkdifygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh xkdpOfu &Srf;apmf bGm;aumifpDwGif trIaqmiftzGJU0if(7)OD;yg&Sd&m Ouú|onf awmifydkif;apmfbGm; (yavmif)? tzGJU0iftjzpfoxkHapmfbGm;(ytkd;0f)? omrcef;apmfbGm;("Ek)tjzpfyg&Sdyg onf/ vlrsKd;pkH pkaygif;aexkdifaom &Srf;jynfomjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh vlrsKd;pkjzpfae aom &Srf;udk trnfwyfí ac:aomfvnf; &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd &Srf;? ytkd;0f? tif;om;? "Ek? yavmif? vDa&Sm? *kPf? 0? u&if? ucsifpaom vlrsKd;pktm;vkH;ESifh qkdifygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm;\trsKd;om;aeYr[kwf? &Srf;jynfe,f\trsKd;om;aeY omjzpfayonf/

       ,cktcg wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf(10)&ufaeYudk trsKd;om;aeY[kom &Sif;&Sif; vif;vif; ac:a0:owfrSwftokH;jyKygonf/ jrefrmtrsKd;om;aeY? jrefrmtrsKd;om; atmifyGJaeY[laomt"dyÜg,f vGJrSm;aprnfhtokH;tEIef;rsKd;udk tokH;rjyKawmhyg/ jynf axmifpkqkd&S,fvpfor®wjrefrmEkdifiHawmf\]]trsKd;om;aeY}}[líom em;vnfxm;& ayrnf/

       tvm;wlpGmyif azaz:0g&Dv(7)&ufaeYudk &Srf;trsKd;om;aeYtpm; &Srf;jynf e,f\trsKd;om;aeY[líom em;vnfxm;oifhygonf/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDwuf vmonfhtcsdefrSpí xkdaeYudk ]]&Srf;jynfe,faeY}}[k ajymif;vJowfrSwf ac:a0:vkduf jcif;rSm &Srf;jynfwGif;&SdvlrsKd;pkH tcsif;csif; oabmxm;t,ltq uGJvGJEkdifrIrsm;udk jynfhzkH;um;cs ajz&Sif;vkdufaom rSefuefonfhvkyf&yfwpfckyif jzpfayonf/

       xkdYaMumifh aemifwGif &Srf;jynfe,faeYwkdif;wGif xdkaeY\orkdif;aemufcHudk t aotcsm od&Sdem;vnfoabmaygufpGmjzifh qif,ifusif;yEkdifygap[k qkrGefawmif; vkduf&ygonf/      /

usrf;ukd;pm&if;

(1) tkd;a0\a&T&wkobif vufa&T;pifpmtkyfrS trsKd;om;aeYqkdif&maqmif;yg;rsm;

(2) Glimpses of the Shan States History from the eve of 1945 to the dawn of 1948(Shan States Govt. Files at National Arch- ives)

rSwfcsuf/    /uarÁmZr*¾Zif;? 1987^88-ckESpfxkwf pmrsufESm(55 rS 58xd)vm&Sd aomaqmif;yg;ukd jyefvnfjyifqifjcif;r&dSyJ &kdufESdyfxm;ygonf/

(3-2-2009)wGif jyefvnf&kdufESdyfjyD;pD;ygonf/