ပုိꨓ္းꨀꨰပ္ꨳဝꨱင္းလဳꨳသꨱဝ္ꨳ(ꨁူမ္ꨕꨤတ္ꨲ-တꨰမ္ꨳ) လားရႈိးၿမိဳ႕အေၾကာင္း သိေကာင္းစရာ

 ပုိꨓ္းꨀꨰပ္ꨳဝꨱင္းလဳꨳသꨱဝ္ꨳ(ꨁူမ္ꨕꨤတ္ꨲ-တꨰမ္ꨳ) 

လားရႈိးၿမိဳ႕အေၾကာင္း သိေကာင္းစရာ

       a&S;tcgu vm;&Id;NrdKU\ta&SUbuf rkdif;wif(rf)&GmteD;wGif ]]0def;ausmuf}}qkd aom NrdKUawmfwpfNrdKU wnf&SdcJhzl;\/ vuf&Sd]]ukef[D;}}&Gmonf ]]0def;ausmuf}}NrdKU a[mif;ae&mjzpfonf[kqkdonf/ ]]0def;}}qkdonfrSm]]NrdKY}}[k t"dyÜg,f&SdNyD; ]]ausmuf}}rSm  ]]acsmifusonf}}[k t"dyÜg,f&Sdonf/ (0def;ausmuf=acsmifusaomNrdKU)

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       orD;awmfrsm; xkda&uefwGif waysmfwyg; a&upm;pOf e*g;BuD;wpfaumifu orD;awmftvwfudk a&ueftwGif;odkY zrf;qD;,laqmifoGm;avonf/ useforD;awmf ESpfyg;onf eef;awmfodkYtjrefjyefvmNyD; tjzpftysufukd crnf;awmftm; ajymjy&m crnf;awmfu rSL;awmfrwfawmfrsm; trIawmfxrf;rsm;udk oGm;a&muf&SmazGapaomf vnf; orD;awmfudk rawGU&bJ a&ueftwGif; a&aESmufaeaom wGif;eufBuD;wpf wGif;udkom awGU&onf/ 

       bk&ifxH oHawmfOD;wifaomf bk&ifu aemiftem*wfwGif ab;&eftEÅ&m,f r jzpfap&ef wGif;eufBuD;tay: oHuGef,ufjzifh ydwfqkdYxm;aponf/

       xkdYaemuf bk&ifBuD;u orD;awmftBuD;ESifhti,ftwGuf a[mfeef;awmf\ awmifbufwGif a&uefwpfuef xyfrHwl;az:apcJhonf/ trIawmfxrf;rsm;vnf; t rdefYawmftwkdif; pDrHaqmif&Gufay;cJhavonf/ wpfaeYaomtcg orD;awmf(2)yg; a& upm;NyD; a[mfeef;awmf jyefrnftjyK vQKdBuD;wpfckrS vGefpGmBuD;aom usD;wpfaumif xGufvmNyD; orD;awmfESpfyg;udk erfha,mifacsmif;wpfavQmuf okwfcsDysHoef;vmcJh onf/ nDtpfrESpfyg; usD;okwfcsDcH&aom xkda&uefudk &Srf;bmomjzifh ]]aemifa&Smuf =okwfcsDa&uef}}[k ,ckwkdif  trnfwGifavonf/ xkdusD;onf erfha,mifacsmif;t wkdif; pkefqif;vmNyD; ]]vG,frltdyf}}awmiftem; a&mufaomf awmifMum;wpfcktwGif; odkY auGU0ifoGm;onf/ xdkusD;auGU0ifoGm;aom awmifMum;udk ]]a0gifumpdkif;}}[k ac: NyD; ,cktcg ]]armifupkdif;}}jzpfvmonf/ ,cktcg armifupdkif;&Gmonf ]]em;vIdif&Gm a[mif;}}\taemufbufodkY a&TUajymif;vmcJhonf/ (a0gifumpdkif;=usD;awmifMum;)

       usD;onf erfha,mifacsmif;twkdif; qufvufqif;vmcJh&m a&tvGefenf;aom ae&mwGif acsmif;udk jzwfcJhavonf/ xkdae&monf ,cifu ]]wm[wf[dkifh=a&cef; aomul;wdkYqdyf}}[kom ac:cJhonf/ xkdteD;tem;&Sdvlrsm;u xl;qef;aomusD;udkjrif ojzifh wcsKdUu ]]usD;uef;BuD; usD;uef;BuD;}}[k atmfac:Mu\/ wcsKdYu ]]aoewfeJY ypfvkduf}}[k atmfMuonf/ wcsKdUu ]]rypfeJY vludk csDvmw,f}}[k toD;toD;atmf aeMu\/ xkdtrIudk taMumif;jyKí ,if;ul;wkdYqdyfudk ]]wm[wfum}}[k ajymif;vJ ac:qkdvmMuonf/ (wm[wfum=usD;udk aoewfjzifh ypf&ef csdefaomul;wkdYqdyf)xdk &Gmudkvnf; ]]wm[wfum&Gm}}[k ,ckwdkif trnfwGifavonf/

       rif;orD;ESpfyg;udk csDvmaomusD;onf xkd&Gmudk ausmfjzwfvmNyD; ,ck ]]uwf a,mif;&Gm}}bufodkY OD;wnfvmavonf/ uwfa,mif;&GmteD; pD;qif;aeaomacsmif; i,fav;wpfavQmuf usD;uef;u acgufwkefYacgufjyef ysHoef;aeNyD; aemufqkH;acsmif; ta&SUzufodkY qufvufysHoef;oGm;avonf/ usD;uef;acgufwkefYacgufjyef ysHoef; vmaom xkdacsmif;udkvnf; ]]erfha&Smuf}}[k ac:wGifavonf/ umvMumvmaom tcg ]]erfhoQKdY}}[k a0g[m&ajymif;vmcJhonf/ ,ck vm;&Id;NrdKUonf ]]erfhoQKdUacsmif;}}\ taMu(atmuf)zufwGifwnf&Sdojzifh ]]vIdifoQKdU=erfhoQKdUacsmif;\taMua'o}}[kac: wGifvmonf/ a0g[m&tac: a&TUajymif;vmojzifh ]]vIdifoQKdU}}rSwqifh ]]vmoQKdU}}jzpf vmNyD; ,cktcg လားရႈိး jzpfvmawmhonf/

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       usD;onf vG,f&kd;rS vSnf;vrf;twkdif; oJusif;buf(,cktcg txu 2)odkY pkefqif;vmonfudk tpGJjyKí &Srf;bmomtm;jzifh vSnf;vrf;twkdif; pkHqif;vmonf udk ]]avmhvkH;}}[kac:onf/ xkdqif;oufvmonfhae&mudk ]]avmhvkH;}}[kac:wGifNyD; aemifwGif ]]vkH;avmh}}[k ajymif;ac:um xkdrSwqifh ,cktcg ]]vkHavmh}}jzpfvmonf/

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       xkdaemuf usD;onf aemufxyf&Gmwpf&Gmtay:odkYjzwfoGm;aomtcg &Gmom; rsm;u usD;\0rf;AkdufatmufwGif wpfckckygaeovkd jrif&ojzifh ]]0rf;AkdufatmufrSm wpfckck cHxm;ovkdyJ}}[k ajymqkdMuonf/ &Srf;bmomtm;jzifh ]]awmifhwkdifavmif}}[k qkdonf/ aemufydkif; xkd&Gmudk ]]awmifhwkdifavmif&Gm}}[kac:NyD; ,cktcg ]]awmifhw avmif&Gm}}[k trnfajymif;oGm;onf/

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       &Srf;jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd NrdKU&Gmtrnfrsm;onf olYae&mESifhol t"dyÜg,f&Sdonfht jyif &mZ0ift&aomfvnf;aumif;? '@m&Dt&aomfvnf;aumif; ykHjyift&aomf vnf;aumif; qufpyfaeonfudk awGU&onf/ NrdKU&Gmtrnfrsm;udk ,ckuJhodkY orkdif; aumufaMumif;jzifh raz:jyvQif aemifvmaemufom;rsm; od&SdMuawmhrnf r[kwf ay? usD;uef;BuD;pwifxGufvmaomvQKdudk ]]a[GUum=usD;vQKd}}[k ,ckwkdif trnfwGif vsuf&Sdonf/ (NrdKU&Gmtrnfrsm;udk oD;oefYokawoejyKNyD; &SmazGpkaqmif;oihfaMumif; wkdufwGef;tyfygonf/)

       vm;&Id;NrdKU\ta&SUbufwGif wnf&Sdaom ]]rkdif;wif(rf)}}&Gmonf ,cifu ]]rkdif; wif(rf)}}[krac:cJhacs/ taomurif;w&m;BuD; apwDaygif; 84000 wnfvmcJh&m ,ck rkdif;wif(rf)ta&mufwGif apwDawmfaygif; 84000 jynfhonf[kqdkonf/ xkd jynfhonfudk &Srf;bmomjzifh ]]wif(rf)}}[kac:onf/ xdkYaMumifh xkdae&mudk ]]rkdif;wif (rf)=jynfhaomNrdKU}}(apwDaygif; 84000 jynfhaomae&m)[kac:onf/ apwDawmf aygif; 84000 jynfhaomrkdif;wif(rf)apwDawmfjrwftm; zl;&vQif vkd&mqE´jynfhonf [k a&S;vlBuD;rsm;u ,kHMunfMuojzifh rkdif;wif(rf)apwDyGJawmfudk waygif;vjynfhaeY wGif ,cifuwnf;u ESpfpOfrjywf usif;ycJhMuonf/ ,cifu ]]rkdif;wif(rf)}}&Gmonf em;vIdif&Gmta&SUbufwGif wnf&SdcJh&m ,cktcg vm;&Id;ESifhrkdif;a,mfum;vrf;ab;odkY ajymif;a&TUvmcJhMuonf/

လားရႈိးၿမိဳ႕

       vm;&Id;NrdKUonf &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;\NrdKUawmfjzpfonf/ NrdKUajrrsufESmjyif taetxm;rSm (3)ydkif; ykdif;jcm;Ekdifonf/

(1)ajrrsufESmjyif nDnmjyefYajymaom vm;&Id;BuD;tydkif;/

(2)ajrrsufESmjyif ESdrfhaom cg;&dk;tydkif;/

(3)awmifukef;tydkif;jzpfonfhvG,f&kd;[k 3-ydkif; ydkif;Ekdifonf/

       omoem 2500 jynfhtxdrfhtrSwftjzpf wnfxm;aom 2500apwDudk tpGJ jyKí 2500 awmifukef;onf ,cktcg vm;&Id;NrdKU\NrdKUv,fawmifukef;tjzpf wnf&Sd aeonf/ vm;&Id;BuD;? cg;&kd;ESifhvG,f&kd;(ac:)vm;&dI;av;onf 2500 awmifukef;udk 0ef;ywfxm;onf/

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       vm;&Id;NrdKUywfywfvnfwGif awmifukef;awmifwef;rsm;jzifh vSypGm 0ef;&Hxm; onfudk awGU&NyD; wcsKdUawmifrSm tjrifhay 7000 ausmf&Sdonf/ vm;&Id;NrdKUe,ft wGif; pD;qif;aomjrpfacsmif;rsm;rSm erfha,mifacsmif;? erfhaygifacsmif;? erfhracsmif;wkdY jzpfMuNyD; ta&SUbufrS taemufbufodkY pD;qif;oGm;um ]]okH;rnf&jrpf}}jzpfonfh 'k| 0wDjrpf(ac:)jrpfi,fjrpf(ac:)er®wljrpftwGif;odkY pD;0ifMuonf/ a'ocHrsm;rSm v,f ,mvkyfief;rsm;? jcHvkyfief;rsm;ESifhukefoG,fvkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkifMuonf/ vm;&Id;NrdKU awmf\xl;jcm;rIwpfckrSm erfha,mifacsmif;eHab; [wfum&GmESifhaumif;cg;&GmtMum; &Sd obm0a&ylprf;wnf&Sdjcif; jzpfonf/ (vm;&Id;udk a&mufaomfvnf; a&ylprf;udk r a&mufvQif vm;&Id;a&mufonf rrnf[k qkdMuonf/)

       vm;&Id;NrdKUonf ajrmufvwåDusL 22-'D*&D 36-rdepf 53-puúefY? 23-'D*&D 31 –rdepf 27-puúefYESifhta&SUavmif*sDusL 97-'D*&D 31-rdepf 10-puúefY? 98-'D*&D 33 –rdepf 48-puúefYtMum;wGif wnf&Sdonf/ vm;&Id;NrdKUe,f\ta&SUbufwGif oHvGif jrpfESifhuGrf;vkHNrdKUe,f? ajrmufbufwGif odEéDNrdKUe,f? taemufbufwGif oDaygNrdKUe,f ESifher®wlNrdKUe,f? awmifbufwGif rkdif;&,fNrdKUe,fESifhwefY,ef;NrdKUe,frsm; wnf&SdMuonf/

       vm;&Id;NrdKUonf yifv,fa&rsufESmjyifxuf 2808-ayjrifh\/ aEG&moDysrf;rQ tjrifhqkH;tylcsdefrSm 37-'D*&DpifwDu&dwfjzpfNyD; aqmif;&moD tat;qkH; ysrf;rQtyl csdefrSm 09-'D*&DpifwDu&dwf jzpfonf/ 1999-ckESpf oef;acgifpm&if;t& trsKd;om;  OD;a& 117737-OD;ESifhtrsKd;orD;OD;a& 114601-OD;&Sdum vlOD;a&aygif; 232338-OD;&Sd onf/ NrdKUe,fvlOD;a&t& &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;onf vlrsm;pk jzpfNyD; Arm? ucsif?  yavmifESifhEkdifiHjcm;om; w&kwf? ukvm;rsm;vnf; aexdkifMuonf/ vlrsm;pkukd;uG,f aom bmomrSm Ak'¨bmomjzpfNyD; c&pf,mefbmom? rlqvifbmom? [dE´Lbmom udk;uG,folrsm;vnf; &SdMuonf/

       vm;&Id;NrdKUe,ftwGif; omoema&;qkdif&m txif&Sm;qkH;ae&mrSm vm;&Id;NrdKU\ ta&SUajrmufbuf rkdif 30-tuGm rkdif;a,mfa'o&Sd ]]vG,fpuf}}(ac:)pufawmf&m awmifay:&Sd}}bk&m;&Sif\xkdifawmfrlae&mjrwf}}jzpfonf/ pE´rkcDbDvl;rtm; w&m; a&at; tNrdKufaq; wkdufauR;onfhae&mXmejzpfonf[k a'ocHrsm;u ,kHMunfMu onf/ bk&m;&Sifxkdifí oDwif;okH;oGm;cJhaomae&monf ,cktcg ausmufcGuftjzpf wnf&SdcJhNyD; awmifxdyfay:wGif xl;qef;pGm wnf&Sdaejcif; jzpfonf/ &[EÅmrsm;\ ajc&mawmfrsm;vnf; xdkawmifay:\ausmufom;rsm;tay:wGif txift&Sm; zl;awGUEkdifonf/ wefcl;vjynfhaeYonf vG,fpufawmifjrwf\ESpfpOfyGJawmf jzpfonf/

       taomurif; aumif;rIawmf jzpfonfhapwDaygif; 84000 jynfhrkdif;wif(rf)ap wDawmfonfvnf; vm;&Id;\a&S;usaom omoemhorkdif;rSwfwkdiftjzpfxif&Sm;onf/ xkdYtjyif vm;&Id;NrdKU &efatmifjrifapwDa[mif;wGif wl;az:awGU&Sdaom Xmyemypönf; rsm;onf yk*Hacwfxuf aemufrus[kqdkonf/ (xkdXmyemypönf;wkdYwGif arm&Srf; ausmufpmudkvnf; awGU&Sd&NyD; xkdausmufpmrSm rormolwkdYaMumifh aysmufjcif;rvS  aysmufcJhum orkdif;okawoDynm&Sifrsm;twGuf ESajrmp&maumif;aom jzpf&yf[k qkd&ayrnf/) aumZm(536)ck e&ywdpnfol\aumif;rIawmfjzpfaom abmfBudK bk&m;ESifhtwlxkvkyfaom qif;wkawmfwpfqlonf vm;&Id;NrdKUe,f? rkdif;ydkif&GmwGif ,ckwkdif wnf&Sdaejcif;udk axmuf&Iaomtm;jzifh omoemtpOftquf ckdifrmvm aMumif;xif &Sm;ayonf/

       ,cktcg a&Ta&mifw0if;0if;ESifhapwDawmfBuD;rsm;? pmusufpmtH wnHnHESifh pmoifwkdufBuD;rsm;? at;csrf;rIudk &SmazGusihfMuH&m w&m;&dyfomrsm; vm;&Id;NrdKUwGif wnf&SdaeNyDjzpfojzifh omoemawmf pnfyifjyefYyGm;jcif;\ykH&dyfrsm;tjzpf xif&Sm;ygonf/

       vm;&Id;NrdKUonf odEéD? oDayg? rkd;rdwfpaom NrdKUrsm;uJhodkY orkdif;0ifapmfbGm;NrdKU rsm; r[kwfcJhaomfvnf; a&S;,cifu oGm;a&;vma&;twGuf tcsuftcsmuscJhaom a'o? &GmBuD;? NrdKifBuD;rsm; wnf&SdcJhaom a'ojzpfcJhayrnf/ vm;&Id;ywf0ef;usifwGif &Sdaom rkdif;a,mf? erfhaygif? aemifrGef? tDEkdif;? [dkydwf? p,ftif&GmwkdYrSm pnfum;aom &GmBuD;rsm; jzpfonf/

       apmfbGm;vufxuf tkyfcsKyfykHpepfrSm rkdif;a,mfESifhaemifrGefudk NrdKUpm;tkyfcsKyfcJh onf/ erfhaygifESifhp,ftifudk yl[def(axmiftdrfrSL;)tkyfcsKyfonf/ [dkydwf? vm;&dI;BuD; ESifhvG,f&kd;udk xrkHtkyfcsKyfcJhonf/ vm;&Id;NrdKUe,frjzpfcifu [dkydwf? vm;&Id;BuD;ESifh vG,f&kd;(vm;&Id;av;)onf odEéDapmfbGm;vufatmufwGif &Sdonf/ rkdif;a,mfESifhp,f tifonf oDaygapmfbGm;vufatmufwGif &Sdonf/ erfhaygifa'oonf rkdif;&,fapmf bGm;vufatmufwGif &SdcJhonf/

       at'D 1767-ck qifjzL&SifvufxufwGif w&kwfwkdYESifhwwd,tBudrf wkdufyGJ jzpfpOf qifjzL&Sifwyfrsm; vm;&Id;wGif wyfpcef;csoGm;cJhonf/ at'D 1886-ckESpfwGif  odEéDapmfbGm;okdpHz\om;jzpfol p0faemfrdef;onf rEÅav;eef;wGif;axmifrS jrifpdkif; rif;om;ESifhtwl vTwfvmNyD; vloltiftm; pkaqmif;um vm;&Id;udk odrf;,lvkdufav onf/ xkdYaemuf odEéDodkY qufvufcsDwufwkdufckdufavonf/ xdktcsdef cGefqefwkef [kef;onf odEéDapmfbGm;tjzpf tkyfcsKyfaeonf/ p0faemfrdef;wkdYtm; wGef;vSefwkduf ckdufEkdifcJhonf/ p0faemfrdef;wkdY qkwfcGmvmcJh&NyD; cGefqefwkef[kef;onf vm;&Id;udk odrf;ykdufEkdifcJhonf/ oDaygapmfbGm; p0fcGefqkdifonfvnf; p0faemfrdef;onf ol\e,f ajrtwGif; vma&muf aESmifh,Sufaeojzifh cGefqefwkef[kef;xH tultnDawmif;&m 1887-ckwGif cGefqefwkef[kef;onf p0faemfcrf;wkdYtm; rkdif;&,f? wefY,ef;txd vkduf vHwkdufckduf&avonf/ 1887-ckwGif t*FvdyfwkdYa&mufvmNyD; &Srf;apmfbGm;rsm;  tcsif;csif; ppfrwkduf&ef arwåm&yfcHNyD; cGefqefwkef[kef;tm; odEéDapmfbGm;(ajrmuf odEéDapmfbGm;)tjzpf? p0faemfcrf;tm; rkdif;&,fapmfbGm;(awmifodEéDapmfbGm;)tjzpfjyefvnf cefYtyfcJhonf/

       at'D 1890-wGif t*FvdyfwkdYonf vm;&Id;wGif pcef;csNyD; tkyfcsKyfa&;wm0ef udk aqmif&GufvmcJhonf/ at'D 1896-ckwGif vm;&Id;BuD;wGif tdrfajc 20ESifh&Srf;OD; a& (100)cefYom &SdcJhonf/ vG,f&kd;wGif tpdk;&qkdif&m t*Fvdyf&kH;wpf&kH;? ta&;ydkif tdrfwpftdrf? t*FvdyftrIxrf;tdrfwpftdrf? yvdyfpcef;ESifht*Fvdyfwyfpcef;wnf&SdcJhonf/ oufi,frkd;bkef;BuD;ausmif;wpfausmif;? apwDwpfqlESifhtjcm;vlaetdrfrsm; vnf; &Sdvmonf/ xkdpOfu vG,f&kd;wGif a*:&cg;vlrsKd;trsm;pk aexkdifMuNyD; tpö vmrf0g'Dt,l&Sd ukvm;rsm;? &Srf;? Arm? w&kwfwdkYvnf; aexkdifvmcJhMuonf/ aemufydkif; aMu;eef;&kH;ESifhpmwkdufudk zGifhvSpfvmcJhonf/ ,if;aemuf &Srf;jynfajrmuf ydkif; apmfbGm;a[mf(tdrfawmf) 5-tdrfay:xGufvmonf/ vm;&Id;-rEÅav;um;vrf;rSm (178)rkdif &Snfvsm;onf/ 1889-ckrSpí vm;&Id;onf wjznf;jznf; pwifpnfum; vmaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/

       at'D 1895-ckESpf? ZlvkdifvwGif &Srf;jynfawmifydkif; ajrmufydkif;tm; ta&; ydkifwpfOD;jzifh &Srf;apmfbGm;rsm;tay:xm;&SdNyD; tkyfcsKyfrIykHpH ajymif;vJcJhonf/ ajrmuf ykdif; apmfbGm;rsm;rSm

(1)odEéDapmfbGm;(ajrmuf)

(2)odEéDapmfbGm;(awmif)rkdif;&,f

(3)awmifydkif;apmfbGm; erfhqef

(4)rkdif;vif;? armfz? [wfvyf? yef,ef;? 0rfqef;? nufwef(0e,fapmfbGm;)wkdYjzpf onf/

       odEéDapmfbGm;vufatmufwGif erfhcrf;? udk;uefY? vm;&Id;BuD;? aemifrGefwkdYyg0if onf/ vm;&Id;BuD;udk xrkHu tkyfcsKyfNyD; xrkHtkyfcsKyfolatmufwGif &Srf;&Gm(23)&Gm? yavmif&Gm(8)&Gm? vlOD;a&(2000)ausmf&Sdonf/

       at'D 1903-ck? rwfv(1)&ufaeYwGif oDaygrSvm;&Id;txd rD;&xm;vrf; azmufvkyfNyD;pD;cJhNyD; &xm;vrf;wpfavQmufjzpfonfh cg;&kd;? NrdKU0if? erfhygcsD;wkdYwGif vl pnfum;vmavonf/ vm;&Id;onf vrf;yef;qufoG,frI t"du usvmojzifh 1904-ckESpfwGif t*FvdyfwkdYu aMujimpmtrdefY 7-jzifh vm;&Id;ukd odEéDvufatmufrS cGJxGufapNyD; aMumfjimpmtrSwf 8-jzifh NrdKUtjzpf jy|mef;um t*FvdyftkyfcsKyfrIpepf jzifh tkyfcsKyfavonf/

       'kwd,urÇmppfBudKumvwGif ppfvufeufrsm; o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;twGuf t*FvdyfwkdYonf vm;&Id;rS w&kwfjynftxd vrf;azmufvkyfcJhonf/ at'D 1903-rwkdifrD jrifuGef;rif;om;onf tif'dkcsKdif;em;rS jyifopftultnDjzifh &Srf;apmfbGm;rsm; tm; vma&mufpnf;&kH;um t*FvdyfwkdYtm; awmfvSef&ef vm;&Id;NrdKUodkY a&mufvmzl; onf[k qkdonf/

       at'D 1917-ckESpfwGif tar&duefblrdaA'ynm&SifwkdY vm;&Id;udk a&muf vmNyD; vm;&Id;NrdKU\awmifbuf rkdif 40-tuGm? rkdif;&,fNrdKU\ta&SUbuf 10-rkdif tuGm ]]vG,f[ef[ifrD;awmifao}}udk okawoejyKvkyfcJh&m xkdrD;awmifaoonf ESpfoef;aygif;(1000)cefY oufwrf;&Sdonf[k qkdonf/ 

       1937-ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif w&kwftpkd;&(csefau&Sdwf)ESifht*FvdyfwdkYyl;aygif;  NyD; vm;&Id;NrdKUudk jzwfum rkdifaygif; 716-rkdif&Sd w&kwfjrefrmvrf;rBuD;udk azmuf vkyfNyD;pD;cJhonf/ 1993-ck? azaz:0g&Dv 22-&ufaeYwGif vm;&Id;avqdyfudk zGifhvSpf cJhum &efukef? vm;&Id;? ulrif;NrdKUodkY av,mOfajy;qGJcJhonf/

       1942-ck? {NyDv 29-&ufaeYwGif *syefwyfr[m(56)u vm;&Id;NrdKUudk odrf; ydkufEkdifcJhavonf/ *syefwyfrsm; ajrmufbufodkY qufvufcsDwufNyD; 1942-ck? 'D Zifbmv 8-&ufaeYwGif *syefwyfrawmfrS aMunmpmtrSwf(13)jzifh vm;&Id;NrdKUudk tkyfcsKyfavawmhonf/ 1945-ck? rwfv 7-&ufaeYwGif r[mrdwfwyftrSwf(36)u vm;&Id;NrdKUudk *syefvufrS jyefvnfodrf;,lEkdifcJhavonf/ 'kwd,urÇmppftwGif; t okH;jyKEkdif&ef t*FvdyfwkdYu tdE´d,EkdifiH tmoHjynfe,fudk jzwfum jrefrmEkdifiHajrmuf ydkif; ywfuGKdifawmifMum;vrf;rSwqifh rkd;aumif;? jrpfBuD;em;? Aef;armfrSwqifh vm; &Id;txd vD'kdvrf;rBuD;udk azmufvkyfcJhonf/ tvsm;rkdif(1030)rkdif&SdNyD; 1945-ck? azaz:0g&DvwGif NyD;pD;cJhonf/

       1948-ck jrefrmEkdifiHvGwfvyfa&; &NyD;aemuf &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&rS vm;&Id;NrdKU udk NrdKUe,f? c&dkiftjzpf owfrSwfNyD; &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;\NrdKUawmftjzpf &kH;pdkuf um wkdif;rif;BuD;jzifh tkyfcsKyfcJhonf/

       omoemawmfESpf 2500 jynfhtxdrf;trSwftjzpf odEéDapmfbGm;apm[kHz OD; aqmifNyD; vm;&Id;NrdKU2500-awmifukef;ay:wGif apwDwpfqlvSL'gef;awmfrlum 2500  apwDawmftjzpf xif&Sm;onf/

       1962-ckrwkdifrD vm;&Id;NrdKU&Sd &yfuGufrsm;rSm-

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       xif&Sm;aom bkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;rSm uefrdef;ausmif;? wmykHausmif;? refql ausmif;? vkHavmhausmif;? atmufreftkdifausmif;? awm&ausmif;? cg;&kd;ausmif;? cg;&kd;jrefrmausmif;? NrdKUrausmif;? erfhppfvif;ausmif;? refqlbk&m;ausmif;? yeftkyf ausmif;? NrdKUvnfausmif;? aAm"dukef;ausmif;tjyif aemufrSay:vmaom tjcm; ausmif;rsm;? rsm;pGm&Sdonf/

       1962-ckESpfwGif zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& erfhaygifa'oonf rkdif;&,fe,f wGif tusKH;0ifNyD; rkdif;a,mfa'oonf odEéDe,fwGif tusKH;0ifonf/ apmfbGm;rsm; tmPmpGeYfNyD;aemuf 1963-ckwGif zGJUpnf;rItajccHOya't& odEéDESifhrkdif;&,fonf NrdKY e,ftoD;oD;jzpfoGm;NyD; rkdif;a,mfa'o? erfhaygifa'oESifhaemifrGefa'oonf vm;&Id;  NrdKUe,ftwGif;odkY jyefvnfyg0ifvmonf/ 1972-ckESpf? ZGefv(14)&ufwGif xkwfjyefaMujimaomjynfxJa&; aMujimpmtrSwf(339)? tydk'f(139)t& vm;&Id;ukd c&kdifNrdKU tjzpfowfrSwfumNrdKUay:wGif 12-&yfuGuf? aus;&Gmtkyfpkaygif;(78)tkyfpk? &Gmaygif; (538)&Gm&Sdonf/ vm;&Id;NrdKUe,fwGif xGuf&Sdaom o,HZmwrsm;rSm uRef; opf? tif? tifMuif;? orvef;? ouf&ifhausmufrD;aoG;? caemufpdrf;? a*:'ef ausmufponfwkdY  jzpfonf/

       ,cktcg vm;&Id;NrdKUwGif xif&Sm;aomae&mXmersm;rSm &efwkdif;atmifapwD awmf? r[mrkedbk&m;BuD;? NrdKUawmfcef;r? 2500 apwDawmf? refqlbk&m;? refqlESD; bk&m;? y&d,wådpmjyefyGJusif;y&muefrdef;ausmif;? w&m;&dyfomrsm;? pmoifwkdufBuD; rsm;? w&kwfbkHausmif;? vm;&Id;a&ylprf;? awm&*l? erfharmfqGrf;*l? vG,fpefY(ac:)qif awmif? vm;&Id;aps;BuD;? vm;&Id;aq;&kHBuD;? vm;&Id;wuúokdvf? uGefysLwmwuúodkvf? enf;ynmwuúodkvfponfwkdYonf xif&Sm;aomae&mXmersm; jzpfonfhtjyif raz: jybJcsefxm;aom pdwf0ifpm;zG,fae&mrsm; rsm;pGm usef&Sdaeao;onf/

       vm;&Id;NrdKUonf &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif A[dktcsuftcsmusaom NrdKUjzpf ojzifh &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;NrdKUrsm;tm;vkH;ESifhqufoG,fxm;aom NrdKUawmfjzpf onf/ rEÅav;-rlq,frS w&kwfjynftxd qufoG,fxm;aom jynfaxmifpkvrf;r BuD;onf vm;&Id;NrdKUukd jzwfoef;oGm;&ojzifh vm;&Id;NrdKUonf ykdkrdkí tcsuftjcmus aom Xmejzpfvmonf/ xdkYtjyif vm;&Id;NrdKUrS ta&SUbufum;vrf;twkdif;oGm;aomf erfhaygif? [dk,? rkdif;&,f? rkdif;&I;ESifh[dk,rS wefY,ef;? yefqef;txd c&D;aygufonf/ taemufbufum;vrf;onf er®wlabmfwGif;? refwkH? rkdif;,Oftxd c&D;aygufonf/ taemufawmifbufokdY qufoG,faom um;vrf;onf rEÅav;vrf;jzpfNyD; oDayg? ausmufrJ? aemifcsKdwkdYESifhvG,fulpGm c&D;qufEkdifonf/

       vm;&Id;NrdKU\bmoma&;? vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&;paom ta&;trsKd;rsKd; wdkYonfvnf; aeYpOf vpOf ESpfpOfESifhtrQ acwfESifhtnD a&SUodkYcsDum wkd;wufvsuf &SdaMumif; þaqmif;yg;jzifh vm;&Id;NrdKUe,fy&d,wådo'¨r®ygvpmyGJawmf aiG&wkobif udk *kPfjyKBudKqkdtyfygonf/

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