ရွမ္းစာဆုိေတာ္ က၀ိအေက်ာ္ႀကီးမ်ားကို ဂုဏ္ျပဳကန္ေတာ့ပါ၏

&Srf;pmqkdawmfu0dtausmfBuD;rsm;udk

*kPfjyKuefawmhyg\

        wkdif;(wh:)ac: uRefrwkdY&Srf;vlrsKd;rsm;onf vGwfvyfaysmf&TifpGm ae xkdifwwfMuaomfvnf; tvGefa&S;uspGm usifhokH;xdef;odrf;cJhMuaom rdrdwkdY\ ukd;uG,fonfhbmom? vkdufem&rnfh,Ofaus;rIxkH;pH"avhrsm;ESifhwefbkd;BuD; jrifhvSaom a&S;bkd;bGm;bDbifwkdY\pmaywkdYudk wefbkd;ododjzifh xdef;odrf;usifh okH;EkdifcJhMuaom vlrsKd;rsm; jzpfygonf/

          þokdY rdrdwkdY\bmom? pmay? ,Ofaus;rItpOftvmrsm;udk *kPf,l zG,faumif;avmufatmif &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm; usifhokH;xdef;odef;cJhjcif;rSm]]&Srf;pmqkd awmf}}BuD;rsm;\aus;Zl;aMumifhyif jzpfyg\/ a&S;tbdk;tbGm;wkdYacwfrSpí pm qkdawmfBuD;rsm;jzpfMuukefaom &[ef;&Sifvlpmayynm&SifBuD;rsm;wkdYonf pOf qufrjywfpmayusrf;*ef? edygwfawmfvmrsm;ESifhorkdif;&mZ0if'@m&DykHjyif rsm;? 0w¬Krsm;udk jyKpka&;om;EkdifcJhMuolrsm;jzpf\/

          OD;pGm wifjyvkdaom&[ef;pmqkdawmfBuD;rsm;rSm]]&Sifaemfpm}}yifjzpf onf/ &Sifaemfpmu &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm;onf Ak'¨\tqkH;trw&m;awmfrsm;udkvkduf emusifhokH;aom? ukd;uG,faomvlrsKd;rsm;jzpfygonf[k a&;om;cJh&kHrQru &Srf; vlrsKd;&[ef;oHCmwkdYonfvnf; Ak'¨\w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;udk rnfodkYxdef; odrf;cJhNyD; rnfodkYpnfyifjyefYyGm;vmatmif aqmif&GufcJhonfrsm;udk &Srf;vlrsKd; &[ef;&SifvlrsKd;rsm; odem;vnfatmif &Srf;pum;ajyjzifh ]]yd#uwfpk}}wGif Ak'¨ bmom\usifh0wfusifhpOfESifhw&m;xl;w&m;jrwfrsm;? tqkH;trrsm;udk oHCm awmfrsm;pOfqufrjywf qufvufvkdufemcJhMuykH? &[ef;oHCmawmfjrwfwkdY\ odu©myk'frsm;? yxr? 'kwd,o*Fg,emwifcJhMuykHtaMumif;pojzifh tus,fw 0ifha&;om;wifjycJhygonf/

          &[ef;pmqkdawmfBuD;&SifaemfpmuJhodkYaom ouFef;0wf&[ef;pmqkd awmfrsm;ü aumZmouú&mZf(950 rS 279)ckESpftxd tapmykdif;pmqkdawmf q&mBuD;(2)yg;rSm-

(1)q&mawmfp0frGef;axG;(qof;rkef:xlnf:)

(2)q&mawmfp0f"r®'dEé(qof;x>,rwdif,e)

wkdYjzpfNyD; q&mawmf(2)yg;vkH;rSm odEéDNrdKUr[moHCmtzGJUcsKyf\tzGJY0ifq&m awmfBuD;rsm;jzpfMu\/ ,if;tzGJUcsKyfonf aumif(0f)vkH(ugifvlif) ]]r[mpnf BuD;}}[lí emrnfausmfMum;vlodrsm;aom tzGJUcsKyfjzpfonf/

          ,if;pmqkdawmfteuf p0f"r®'dEétm; tzOD;xrf;tl? trda':xrf; cGufwkdYrS aumZmouú&mZf(903)ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vqef;(9)&ufwGif ap [wf&Gm rdef;xdeftkyfpk odEéDNrdKUe,frS arG;zGm;cJhonf/ i,femrnfrSm pkdif;crf; wdef;jzpfNyD; &SifomraPb0a&mufaomtcg &Sif"r®'dEébGJUudk csD;jr§ifhjcif;cH& onf/ ÓPfynmxufjrufí &Srf;bmomw&m;awmfrsm;? ,Gef;bmomw&m; awmfrsm;? *gxm? aA'if? vufzGJUtif;tkdifrsm; wwfuRrf;onf/ Ak'¨\w&m; awmftpkpkudk usrf;jyKa&;om;NyD; yd#uwfokH;ykHudk &Srf;bmomodkY yxrOD;qkH; a&;om;jyefqkdoltjzpf ausmfMum;onf/

          aemufydkif;&[ef;pmqkdawmfBuD;rsm;tjzpf xif&Sm;ausmfMum;vlod rsm;aom &[ef;(4)yg;rSm-

(1)apmif(0f)rHzkdif;(rkd;eJNrdKU)

(2)apmif(0f)uef;aq

(3)apmif(0f)em;vkH

(4)apmif(0f)aumvD(rkdif;yef)wkdY jzpfMuygonf/

          ,if;wkdYteuf apmif(0f)uef;aqtm; tawmfqkH;? txufjrufqkH; pmqkdawmftjzpf todtrSwfjyKMujcif;rSm ¤if;a&;om;aom &Srf;pmayrsm; onf &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;wkdY\&kd;&m,Ofaus;rI? avmuDavmukwå&ma&;&mrsm; ESifhywfoufívnf;aumif;? xkdif;? ,Gef;? w&kwf? jrefrm? rGefbmompmayrsm; udk wwfuRrf;ojzifh ¤if;bmomrsm;jzifh a&;om;aompmayrsm;udk &Srf;bmom odkY trsm;qkH;jyefqkda&;om;EkdifcJhaomaMumifh jzpfonf/

          apmif(0f)uef;aqudk aumZmouú&mZf(1149)ck? wefaqmifrkef;v qef;(1)&ufaeYwGif tzOD;rlvG,f? trda':EIdif;qefwkdYrS zGm;jrifcJhonf/ Zmwd csufjr§KyfrSm em;uif;&Gm usKdif;awmif;aus;&Gm rkd;eJNrdKUjzpfonf/

          yd#uwfokH;ykHudk &Srf;bmomodkY a&;om;jyefqkdolpmqkdBuD;rsm;teuf apmif(0f)aumvD(rkdif;yef)\ta&;tom;rSm tvGefaumif;rGefojzifh ausmf Mum;vSonf/ apmif(0f)aumvDudk aumZmouú&mZf(1184)ck? wefaqmifrkef; vqkwf(9)&uf? aemifac:0fvrf&Gm? rkdif;yefNrdKUe,fwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf/ tzrSm OD;ausmif;EGH? trdrSm a':ausmif;qkdifjzpfNyD; i,femrnfrSm pdkif;umcrf;jzpf onf/

          apmif(0f)aumvDa&;om;aom pmrsm;wGif Ak'¨&Sifjrwfbk&m;\okH; q,fh&Spfjzmaomr*Fvmw&m;awmfjrwfudk jyefqkda&;om;jyKpkNyD; 'ge? oDv? bm0emrsm;udk tywfwukwfBudK;pm;tm;xkwfMujcif;? a&;om;jyKpkjcif;? vSL 'gef;jcif;? ay;urf;pGefYBuJjcif;jzifh tkdjcif;? emjcif;? aojcif;wkdYrS uif;Nidrf;&m edAÁmefa&TjynfodkY a&muf&SdMu&efudk tpOfowday;a[mMum;jcif;ESifha&;om; owday;awmfrlpmqkdawmfBuD;tjzpf xif&Sm;onf/ q&mawmf pmayusrf;*ef aygif;(70)ausmf a&;om;jyKpkcJhNyD;aemuf ouú&mZf(1859)ckESpfwGif ysHvGef awmfrlcJh\/

          &[ef;pmqkdawmftausmftarmfawG\tMum;ü omrefvlyk*¾Kdvfpm qkdawmf(3)OD;wkdYonf xkdacwfxkdtcgü tHhMozG,f? xl;jcm;zG,f ausmfMum;cJh \/ ,if;wkdYrSm-

(1)apmif(0f)aemfcrf;

(2)apmif(0f)rkdif;aemif

(3)eef;crf;ulwkdYjzpfMu\/

          pmqkdawmfapmif(0f)aemfcrf;tm; OD;cGefqefynmESifha':eef;crf;0g wnf;[laomrdbESpfyg;rS aumZmouú&mZf(1218)ck? oDwif;uRwfvqef;(7) &uf aus;oD; refpHNrdKUe,f rdef;edrfaus;&GmwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf/ ¤if;a&;om; aom uAsm? vuFmrsm;onf ta&;tom; tvGefEke,fvSypGm a&;om;wwf oltjzpf ausmfMum;onf/

          trwfBuD;rkdif;aemifrSm o'´g? vuFmrsm;udk aumif;pGm wwfuRrf;ol jzpfonf/ ¤if;a&;om;aompmayonf tawG;tac:? t,ltq vGefpGm aumif;rGefonf/ ¤if;a&;om;cJhaom pmtkyfrSm(200)ausmf&Sdonf/ Ak'¨bmom 0ifjzpfonfhtavsmuf i,f&G,fpOfrSpí omoemhabmifodkY0ifum y&d,wåd pmayrsm;udk oifMum;wwfajrmufcJhonf/ touf(18)ESpft&G,fwGif vl0wf vJum uAsm? vuFma[mMum;oltjzpf tvSLr*FvmyGJrsm;wGif jyKvkyfay; onf/ r[mtrpör*FvmtrwfBuD;onf aumZmouú&mZf(1216)ck? wef aqmifrkef;vqef;(4)&ufwGif OD;refcDESifha':refcD[laom rdb(2)yg;rS arG;zGm; cJhonf/

          pmqkdawmfrsm;teuf eef;crf;ulonf &Sm;yg;xl;jcm;aom &Srf;trsKd; orD;pmqkdawmfBuD;tjzpf rSwfwrf;wif&if; þpmrsufESmrSaeíuRefrOD;nTwf tav;jyKyg\/ zcifrSm pmqkdawmfBuD;apmif(0f)uef;aqjzpfNyD;rSm rddcifrSmeef; qkdifaqGjzpfonf/ eef;crf;ultm; aumZmouú&mZf(1215)ckwGif arG;zGm;cJh onf/ zcifBuD;rSm eef;crf;ultm; i,f&G,fpOfrSpí pmayusrf;*efESifhvuFm a&;enf;rsm;udk oifMum;ay;cJhonf/ eef;crf;ulonf bk&m;Zmwfawmfrsm;om ru *E¦0iftcspf0w¬Krsm;udk a&;om;cJh&m ]]cGefqmrfavmESifheef;OD;ydrf}}0w¬K onf xif&Sm;ausmfMum; vlBudKufrsm;cJhonf/

          pmqkdawmfBuD;rsm; a&;om;jyKpkcJhaom pmay? uAsm? vuFm? edygwf awmfvm'@m&DykHjyif? r,fbGJU? armifbGJUaus;vufawm&GmoDcsif;rsm;onf ,aeYwkdif &Srf;vlrsKd;wdkY pGJrufESpfoufaeMuqJjzpfonf/

          aumZmouú&mZf(902)rS(1279)xd &[ef;yk*¾Kdvf? vlyk*¾Kdvf&Srf;pm qkdawmfBuD;rsm;\taMumif;rsm;udk a&;om;*kPfjyK&if; uRefrOD;acgif;twGif; odkY tawG;wpfckvufueJ 0ifa&mufvmcJhygonf/ ,if;tawG;rSm (20)&mpk ESpf&Srf;pmqkdawmfBuD;rsm;\taMumif;udk a&;om;*kPfjyKvkdaom pdwfqE´yif jzpfyg\/

          odkYaomf uRefronf arG;&yfajr&Srf;jynfajrmufykdif;rS a&TUajymif;cGJcGg vmcJh&onfhESpfaygif;rsm;pGmMumjrifhcJhNyDjzpfonfhtwGuf arG;&yfXmeD&Srf;wkdYjynf udk owd&vGrf;qGwf&onfu rsm;NyD; aus;Zl;wifav;pm;&rnfh&Srf;pmqkdawmf  u0dausmfBuD;rsm;\tw¬KyÜwådESifh olwkdYa&;om;jyKpkaompmayusrf;*ef? aw; uAsm? vuFm? oDukH;xm;cJhaomoDcsif;rsm;udk avhvmrdjcif;r&SdcJhacs/ avhvm rdEkdif&efuvnf; &Srf;pmra&;wwf rzwfwwfaom udk,fhukd,fudk tm;r& rausreyf jzpfaerdawmh\/

          xkdYaMumifh acwfpmayESifhbdk;bGm;wkdYxm;&pfcJhaom &Srf;pmaytarG tESpfrsm;udk qufvufxdef;odrf;Ekdif&eftwGuf ,aeYacwfvli,farmifr,f rsm; udk,f&onfhtcsdefrsm;wGif rdrdwkdY\&Srf;pmayrsm;udk oif,lavhvmum pmqkdawmfBuD;rsm;\pmaytarGtESpfrsm;udk qufvufxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf a&;om;MurnfqkdvQif rsm;pGmwefbkd;&SdvSrnfjzpfonf/

          pma&;oluRefrtaejzifh (20)&mpk&Srf;pmqkdawmfBuD;rsm;\udk,fa&; tw¬KyÜwådrsm;ü tMuKH;0ifonfhpmqkdawmftcsKdUtm;vnf; rdwfqufay;oifh onf[k xifrdygojzifh uRefr\zcif&Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;odEéDtrwfcsKyfOD;qef armif(uG,fvGef)ESifhol\nD pma&;? pma[mq&mOD;a&TBuD;? uavmiftrnf ]]a&TusD;}}(uKcrf:)wkdY\taMumif;udk a&;om;wifjyvkdufyg\/

          trwfcsKyfOD;qefarmifrSm uavmiftrnf]]qefpdefe}}jzpfygonf/ awmifBuD;NrdKUü txufwef;ynmoifMum;cJhNyD; jrefrm? t*Fvdyf? &Srf;bmom okH;rsKd;vkH;ukd wwfuRrf;aomfvnf; pmayusrf;*ef? uAsmvuFm? aw;oDcsif; rsm;udkrl &Srf;bmomjzifh a&;om;zGJUqkdcJholjzpfonf/

          aus;vufawm&GmESifhr,fbGJUarmifbGJUaw;oDcsif;rsm; oDqkda&;om; &müvnf;aumif;? orkdif;edygwfawmfrsm;ESifh'@m&DykHjyifrsm;udk(pma[mq&m) tjzpf a[mjcif;? zwfjcif;jyK&müvnf; emrnf& vlodrsm;ol jzpfyg\/

          odkYaomf uRefronf zcifxHrS pmaytarGudk qufcH&,lcJhygaomf vnf; zcifBuD;uG,fvGefoGm;csdefü ausmif;yifraeEkdifao;aom vlrr,ft &G,fuav;rQomjzpf&m bdk;bGm;wkdY\&Srf;pmudk oifcGifhyif r&&SdawmhbJ ajr jyefYokdYa&mufcJh&\/ &Srf;pmoifcGifhr&aomfvnf; zcif\pmaytarGudk qufcH ,lcJh&mrS ,ckpmayavmutwGif;odkY ajccs0ifa&mufvmcJhonfrSm (48)ESpfodkY wkdifcJhayNyD/ EkdifiHawmfuvnf; xkdufwefaom pmayqkcsD;jr§ifhcHcJh&onfrSm av;Budrfwdwdyif &SdcJhNyDjzpfygonf/

          ajrmufydkif;&Srf;jynfodEéDü vlodrsm;aom trwfcsKyfjzpfovkd xif &Sm;aom &Srf;pma&;q&mpmqkdawmfBuD;rSm]]a&TusD;}}(ac:)umcrf;jzpfygonf/ ¤if;rSm aw;a&;q&mpkdif;crf;vdwfESifhpdkif;crf;oD(uG,fvGef)wkdY\zcifyifjzpfyg onf/

          &[ef;yk*¾KdvfpmqkdawmfBuD;rsm;\taMumif;udk a&;om;*kPfjyKvkd aom uRefronf þaqmif;yg;udk BudK;pm;í &dk;om;pGm a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpf&m tm;enf;csufrsm;&SdEkdifovkd vufvSrf;rrDojzifh tjcm;pmqkdawmfrsm; ajrmuf rsm;pGm\taMumif;vnf; usef&Sdygao;onf[k ,kHMunfygonf/

          ,if;tm;enf;csufrsm;udk pm&Iolrsm;u cGifhvTwfyg&ef tEl;tnTwf arwåm&yfcH,if; þpmrsufESmrSaeí &Srf;pmqkdawmfBuD;rsm;udk OD;nTwf*kPfjyK vkduf&ygonf/

,k0wD*sif;azmr,f                                     (trsKd;om;pmayqk&)

rSwfcsuf/          /1997-ckESpfxkwf? &efukefNrdKU &Srf;pmayESifh,Ofaus;rI toif;rSxkwfa0aom &Srf;r*¾Zif;? pmrsufESm(128 rS 132 xd)üvm&Sdaom aqmif;yg;udk jyefpmpD&kdufxm;ygonf/