|
ulef:cldof:wh: e[:vkrf;'K.
tefcK;pof:bkdef:xkdif
rpK,rkif.(rldif:aq<)
|
wh:
- yAefqkdof;qldof.cldof:wh: tefulef:wh: yAefauK.wmif, sv; yAefqkdof;tefqmof:
wh:wif:vlif ckdef:Mif.qldof.cldof:wlofuof,/
OArf<?
Omrf? Obmrf - yAefqkdof;qldof.cldof:wh: tefulef:wmif,cldof:cof Mif.pduf;(qldif.
eif, cldof:cgrf? ydof,? crAef? rgef: sv; rmef<cof)
e[:qldof.cldof:wh: rD:qmof:cldof:Oifvhmvhm
|
cyf.rhm
|
qldof.cldof:
|
qmof:cldof:(Mif.qgrf:tgif;Oof:)
|
wD;bl,omef;rldif:
|
|
1.
|
wh:
|
wh:sc,(Tai Khe)
|
bl,qgrf:'if,sr;erf.ihm:(bSif<OD<uSif<)
|
|
2.
|
wh:
|
wh:apK;(Tai Haw)
|
rldif:sO(bkefemef)/
|
|
3.
|
wh:
|
wh:eldof(Tai Nua)
|
rldif:uK;? rldif:aoK:? rldif:wdif? rldif:vSrf:
e[:aq<wgef; rldif:vK:vlif(OD rof.)? rldif:rSef:(zltldof.)? rldif:rmof: sv;
rldif:uAif:wkif/
|
|
4.
|
wh:
|
wh:xh:(Thai)
|
rldif:Okclof:xh:? rldif:tbkwbK:/ rldif:volof:
sv; rldif:uguf, e[: rldif: xh:/
|
|
5.
|
wh:
|
wh:blef:(Tai Yoan)
|
rldif:uAif:OSef? uAif:phm:? uAif:rh,?
rldif:vrf:ykef:vrf:ymif: sv; zbof: aq<wgef; vmef.eK:
e[:rldif:xh:ygwf:Mif,/
|
|
6.
|
wh:
|
vmof:(Tai Laos)
|
rldif:vmof:(vmef.qmif.) sv;
rldif:xh:ygwf:qAif,Mif,oef:tguf,(tD: Omef)/
|
|
7.
|
wh:
|
ckdef(Tai Khün)
|
rldif:uAif:wkif sv; uAif:rh,/
|
|
8.
|
wh:
|
vkdof.(Tai Lü)
|
rldif:vkdof.(Odyf:Ogifyef:eK:)e[:bkefemef sv;
uAif:rh,? rldif:emef< e[:xh:ygwf:Mif,/
|
|
9.
|
wh:
|
wh:vlif(Tai Long)
(wh:w[;auK; Mif.bof.)
|
rldif:wh:urf,ayK:q(Shan
State)sv; rldif:rgef:? rldif:rmefygwf:umif? ygwf:Mif,/
|
|
10.
|
wh:
|
wh:rmof:(Tai Mao)
|
rldif:rmof:vlif(yK:wmif:bkef,emef, sv;
rldif:rmef<)/
|
|
11.
|
wh:
|
yKbD<(Pa yi)
|
yAefqkdof; tefqmof:sc,Mif.qmof:wh: e[:bkefemef?
uGmif<OD< sv; uGh<qof:/
|
|
12.
|
wh:
|
yhtD(Pai-I)
|
/
|
|
13.
|
wh:
|
wh:vhm:(Tai Lai)
|
rldif:Odyf:Ogifyef:eK: sv; qgrf:'if,sr;erf.vrf?
erf.vSif e[: uAofMif,/
|
|
14.
|
wh:
|
wh:tKNrf(Ahom)
|
rldif:redyl: sv; 'if,sr;erf.Omif
e[:aq<wgef;twf.Orf? rldif: tdef:wdb/
|
|
15.
|
wh:
|
wh:zKsu,(Pha Ke)
|
/
|
|
16.
|
wh:
|
wh:bmif:crf:(Yang
Kham)
|
/
|
|
17.
|
wh:
|
wh:thm;wgef:(Ai Ton)
|
/
|
|
18.
|
wh:
|
wh:rgh<(trf,eef)wh:umwf,aO: (Tai
Moy or Kassay)
|
/
|
|
19.
|
wh:
|
wh:crf:wD;(Kham Ti)
|
rldif:crf:wD;ehg.-rldif:Nrf;rmuf,vmif: sv;
rdlif:auKvmif: e[: aq<wgef; rldif:qmrfuhm,(quSif:)?
rldif:crf:wD;vlif-oAif:yl,xof;(yl,wK,tlof,)rldif:rmef</
|
|
20.
|
wh:
|
wh:vSif(trf,eef)wh:Ogif: (Tai
Leng or Song)
|
rldif:ugif?
rldif:bmif:(e[:rldif:cmifbmrf:vAof)? rldif:umwf,vkdof:? rldif:oAif:Oldof?
rldif:auKvmif:(eh:wldif:quSif:)sv; qgrf:'if,erf.vSif e[:rldif:uSof yuf.
umef(oSwf.emrf:Mif,)/
|
|
21.
|
wh:
|
wh:erf.(Oknf,yKbD<)
|
rldif:ukefrdef: e[:bkefemef ukefphm:vrf?
rldif:uGmif<OD<sv; rldif:ugh< qof;(e[:rldif:sc,)/
|
|
22.
|
wh:
|
wh:b[,(Tai Yai)
|
qmof:wh:rldif:tbkwbK: Mif. qmof:wh:vlif
wmif:ygwf:wluf:erf.clif:/
|
|
23.
|
wh:
|
wh:wgh:(wh:bgh.)trf,eef wh: zl;b[,(Tai
Dioi or Pu Yai)
|
rldif:uGh<qof;
ygwf:qAif,qmef:oef:wluf:sv;rldif:uGmif<OD</
|
|
24.
|
wh:
|
wh:xlof.(Tai Tho)
|
rldif:uGmif<OD<? uGmif<wkif< sv;
rldif:wkif<uAif; e[:rldif:uSofMif,/
|
|
25.
|
wh:
|
wh:ekif:(Tai Nung)
|
e[:olif<umif vghvlifOD<uSif< sv;
rldif:ukefrdef: e[:bkefemef/
|
|
26.
|
wh:
|
wh:bmif:(Tai Yang)
|
e[:rldif:vmof: ygwf:Mif,/
|
|
27.
|
wh:
|
wh:zlef:(Tai Poan)
|
/
|
|
28
|
wh:
|
zl;wh:(wh:cmof)(Pu Tai
Khao)
|
rldif:OSif(bkefemef)sv; rldif:Nofzef:pK;
wif:Nuf:sv;rldif:zSofyuf. umef e[:oSwf.emrf:Mif,/
|
|
29.
|
wh:
|
zl;wh:(wh:vrf)(Pu Tai
Lam)
|
rldif:OSif(bkefemef)sv; Nofzef:pK;
wif:Nuf:sv;rldif:zSofyuf.umef, oSwf.emrf:Mif,/
|
|
30.
|
wh:
|
zl;wh:(wh:vSif)(Pu Tai
Leng)
|
/
|
|
31.
|
wh:
|
wh:tkif:yhm:(Oong
Bai)
|
ukefphm:vrf rldif:sc,/
|
|
32.
|
wh:
|
wh:vD(Tai Li)
|
/
|
|
33.
|
wh:
|
wh:vo(Tai Lawa)
|
rldif:volof.? rldif:uAif:OSef e[: rldif:xh: sv;
rldif:eK:vof: rdlef:rif: OSif e[:rldif:wh:/
|
|
34.
|
wh:
|
wh:ymuf<(Tai Paks)
|
ygwf:Mif, rldif:rav:OBLdof:/
|
|
35.
|
wh:
|
wh:ukvK,(Tai Ku La)
|
rldif:wK<ukif, rldif:rgef: sv;
rldif:tK,IuSif,/
|
|
36.
|
wh:
|
wh:egh.(Tai Noi)
|
qmof:wh:vlif Mif.qmof:xh:tbkwbK: sv;
qmof:xh:tbKwbK: Mif. qmof:vmof:/
|
|
37.
|
wh:
|
wh:iAof.(Tai Ngios)
|
qmof:xh: e[:rdlif:xh: Mif.qmof:wh:vlif?
wh:vkdof. sv; ckdef/
|
|
38.
|
wh:
|
wh:uwl: wh:uemef:(Tai
Kadu-Tai Kanan)
|
bl,qgrf:'if,erf.sr;xkif.cBmif: e[:rldif:cBmif:?
urf<zgif;oK; wh:umwf,wl< wh:umwf,emif:eh/
|
|
39.
|
wh:
|
wh:zdif(Tai Phing)
|
rldif:wh:vD.(wK,vD:)e[:bkefemef/
|
|
40.
|
wh:
|
wh:wlef:(Tai Toan)
|
/
|
|
41.
|
wh:
|
zl;rmef(Pu Man)
|
rldif:sO e[:bkefemef/
|
|
42.
|
wh:
|
zl;bl.(Pu Yu)
|
/
|
|
43.
|
wh:
|
zl;Oh:(Pu Chai)
|
/
|
|
44.
|
wh:
|
zl;Ol;(Pu Su)
|
/
|
|
45.
|
wh:
|
zl;b[,(Pu Yai)
|
/
|
|
46.
|
wh:
|
zl;Oknf(Pu Shui)
|
/
|
|
47.
|
wh:
|
zl;ekif:(trf,eef)zl;vkif: (Pu
Nung or Pu Lung)
|
rldif:sO e[:bkefemef/
|
|
48.
|
wh:
|
xl,bldef(Tu Jen)
wl:IAef:auK; Mif.
|
rldif:uGmif<emef? uGmif<OD<?
uGmif<wkif< e[:rldif:sc, sv; rldif:wkif<uAif<
e[:rldif:uSofyuf.umef(oSwf.emrf:Mif,)/
|
|
49.
|
wh:
|
wh:wkif:(Tai Tung)
|
ygwf:qAif,Mif,oef:tguf, rldif:uGmif<OD</
|
|
50.
|
wh:
|
vmof:b[,(Lai Yuei)
|
rldif:bkefemef sv; uGmif<wkif</
|
|
51.
|
wh:
|
zl;bD<(Pu Yi)
|
rldif:uGh<qof;/
|
|
52.
|
wh:
|
wh:wlif:(Tai Dong)
|
rldif:uGh<qof; rldif:Nemef sv;
rldif:uGmif<OD</
|
|
53.
|
wh:
|
rofemef(Mao Nan)
|
rldif:uGmif<OD</
|
|
54.
|
wh:
|
rl,vmof:(Mu Lao)
|
/
|
|
55.
|
wh:
|
wh:Olif. trf,eef qgif:
(Tai Chuang)
|
uGmif<OD<? uGmif<wkif<? uGh<qof;
sv; bkefemef/
|
|
56.
|
wh:
|
ay:rmof:(Pe Mao)
|
/
|
|
57.
|
wh:
|
ay:bldef(trf,eef)udef:uK: (Pe
Yen or Min Kia)
|
rldif:bkefemef/
|
|
58.
|
wh:
|
vmof:OBAif:(Lao Shieng)
|
qmof:xh:tbkwbK: Mif. qmof:blef: sv; qmof:vmof:/
|
|
59.
|
wh:
|
wh:abK.(Tai Yaw)
|
rldif:qh:byl:ID: e[:vmof: sv;
rldif:eugef:zelrf: e[:xh:/
|
|
60.
|
wh:
|
zl;tldef:(Pu Eunes)
|
rldif:vmof:ygwf:umif/
|
|
61.
|
wh:
|
wl.vK:(Tu La)
|
rldif:uGmif<OD</
|
|
62.
|
wh:
|
qgif:qK:(Chong Cha)
|
qmof:sc,Mif. wh:bgh.? wh:whg: sv; wh:tgh:
qldof:bl,rldif:uGmif<emef sv; uGh<qof;/
|
|
63.
|
wh:
|
yl,vK<wD<(trf,eef)zl;vkif:wD<(Bu
La Ti)or(Pu
Lung Ti)
|
rldif:uGh<qof;/
|
|
64.
|
wh:
|
auKyKbD<(Kaw Pa Yi)
|
rldif:qkif:? rldif:ykdef:OAif: sv;
qgrf:'if,sr;erf.vSif(e[:rldif:sc,)/
|
|
65.
|
wh:
|
wh:OK(Tai Sa)
|
rldif:umwf,OK(wldif:quSif:)oef:wAif:(bkefemef)/
|
|
66.
|
wh:
|
wh:bK(Tai Ya)
|
rldif:vK:vlif(bkefemef)/
|
|
67.
|
wh:
|
chm:Nof(Khai Ho)
|
rldif:chm:Nof(bkefemef)/
|
|
68.
|
wh:
|
xlofqK<(Tho Cha)
|
rldif:uGmif<OD</
|
|
69.
|
wh:
|
zl;thm;(Pu Vei)
|
bkefemef sv; uGmef<OD</
|
|
70.
|
wh:
|
wkdof:vof:(Tü Lao)
|
rldif:uGh<qof;/
|
|
71.
|
wh:
|
wh:bkef:(Tai Yun)
|
rldif:uGmif<OD</
|
|
72.
|
wh:
|
wh:vldif(Tai Leung)
|
/
|
|
73.
|
wh:
|
wh:ulef:(Tai Kwoan)
|
/
|
|
74.
|
wh:
|
wh:olef:(trf,eef) wh:clef:
(Tai Woan or
Tai Kwoan)
|
/
|
|
75.
|
wh:
|
wh:bmof(Tai Yao)
|
/
|
|
76.
|
wh:
|
wh:'l:(Tai Fu)
|
/
|
|
77.
|
wh:
|
wh:ugif:(Tai Kong)
|
/
|
|
78.
|
wh:
|
wh:wkrf(Tai Tum)
|
/
|
|
79.
|
wh:
|
wh:bgif:(Tai Yawng)
|
qmof:wh:blef:sv; qmof:xh:cof Mif.qmof:wh:vkdof.
e[:rldif:vrf:ykef:/
|
|
80.
|
wh:
|
wh:qkif:(Tai Chuang)
|
qkdof;qmof:wh:Olif. rldif:uGmif<OD<
Mif.ckdef:qkdof;wlofuof,/
|
|
81.
|
wh:
|
wh:cgrf(Tai Krom)
|
qmof:wh:vkdof.Odyf:Ogifyef:eK:? qmof:wh:vlif
OSifoDsv; qmof:wh:rldif: tmif,o Mif.wh:blef:? uAif:rh,oK; cgrftef,eef oK;
Fugrf/
|
|
82.
|
wh:
|
wh:rmef<(Tai Burma)
|
wh:rdlif:wh:
Mif.wh:qldof:bl,Oof:e[:rldif:rgef:? rldif:cmif? quSif:? rldif:
rmef< sv; rldif:tK,IuSef,/
|
|
83.
|
wh:
|
wh:uknf<(Tai Kwe))
|
rldif:Olof:ylof:(Olnf,ylof,)sv;
rldif:yK,uldof(yulof:)/
|
ykdif;ulef:yhm:ydkef: sv;
ulef:yhm:rgef:qof;wif:vhm clef.pKOmuf;aO, qmof: cldof:wh: qldof:vh;wSrf;aerK:
yK;eldofeh.(Nrf;wif:qldof:yh,bkdef:xkdif)P;N.xkdif qkdof;aw. sv;
wD;bl,tduf,wif:'dif;xkif:qmof:cldof:v[ qmof:cldof:eef. vh;aOurf:eh/
zkdeftdif
-ykdef:wh:ul<cldof:cldof:-emif:Ildof:wD:cBK:cgef:-1988
-History of Laos by
M.L.Manich(BangKok)-1967
-ydkef:blof:ekuf.(blef:)-zBK:yqK:udwf:ugef:quf:-1964
-rBmef,rK.
IK,qodef,-tl:zlof:uBK:-1925
-Tzduf.wlef;wukefwh:-wlef;vD<Oldif:
wSrf;aO vkif:xrf:rekif:Ildif:weef: ydef, zhm,xh:-1975
-ykdef:wh:(zhm,xh:)-cBLrf:ewf.
aOodugef:-1994
-vgif;yAefrK: Obmrf-wh:? vmof: sv;
cgrf tduf,wif:wD;ygif,ref:(vduf;xh:) vkif: qdwf:zlrdOuf:-1976
-aOB:cdwf. wh:vl,rAof:rBK:
rl,vae,xSif,bK,-qhm:tgif,xkef:-1967
-ykdef:vmof:(zhm,xh:)-xgif:Okdyf,Okzrmuf.-1985
-OD,vyowf.xexrf:-rwdqlef:-1996
vkuf.wD;tofrK:-
OhmySef:-2005-rhm-002? February Page-20 to 27.
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