uAof,uyf:vldif;eh.
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bgef.z[cK;pSrf? bgef.Oif/ ylef.rK:rldof;e[:NofyD<cIdwf. 1978 qof;Okduf:qmrf,
rldif(yK,wD,r[,Okifqkdif;wh: SSPP/SSA)vkuf.wmif:rldif:wh:ygwf:Mif,aO vlif:rK:
ygwf:vSef<vdefrldif:xh:? ayK:rK:zSofvSef<vdefrldif:xh:bof.auK;
ref:qof;wif: qof;Okduf:ymef:tgif, sv;
ckefOkduf:rmof:cAof(auK.wdwf:wmrfrK:qgrf:)Nrf;uefuGK,pK Ol,q[: qof;ckefOK,
wD;omef;pdefwSuf,? tefyAefiof;ikef: cgifwyf.Okduf:wh: Nrf;ygif(SUA)/ ohm:eef.auK; cofqof;phmvhmuGK,ySwf;
vlnf;trf,N.vgif;wmif: trf,vh;pefwlofvdyf:wif:wlofwhmcofqof;/
ohm:eef.
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xkuf,bkdof:whm/ e[:eh. rD:qof;Oldofqkdif;(1981)? ohm: eef. rD:qof;OSifpmef?
qof;qmrfuK:? qof;ykdef:wh: qldof:eh. xkuf,vgrfbkdof: whme[:uAif:rh,/
qof;qmrf,vAuf:(xkuf,bkdof:wD;cK:pmef aq<oAif:sr;Mif;Ogef)/ rldof;eef.
zl;b[,ulef:vlif qldof:yldef;trf,wldof.aOvgwf;uGK,eef. rD:qof;qmif.
(bgifNnf;)wif:qof;OSifOkduf: zl;tgefNofuof,sv; zl;erf:e[:uof,(
SSPP/SSA)qldof:eh./
tgefeK;eef.
rldof;e[:yD< 1976 wmif:qof;Okduf:qmrf,rldif:cof ckdef;bdkwf:trf:
emwf;e[:yK,wD,aO zl;b[,ulef:vlifvhmqof; vh;ukdwf:vkdof;umef/ ohm:eef.
ulef:vlifuof,e[:iof;ikef:yK,wD,r[,Okifqkdif;wh:qldof:eh. xkuf,vgrfbkdof:whm
e[:rldif: xh:/ vgif;eh. z[trf,z[auK;vmwf;oK; yAeferf.rkdof: SUA cgifqkrf:qof; ckefOK,tgefNof/ uAof,uyf:vgif;eh.
tgefwmif:qof;ckefOK,vmwf;oK; qof;Okduf: qmrf,rldif:cof rK:tSof,bArf;pof:sw.
q[;bl,/ ulnf:uK; z[tgefrK:eh z[trf, xmrfcK;vK, oK;eh(rldof;eef. cK;oK; qof;eK;wD;xh:tgefrK:?
c[;qD.seoK;yAef erf.rkdof:xh:)/ ulnf:uK; ohm:rK: qof;ckefOK, vmwf;xSif;oK;
uAof,uyf:vgif;ulef: vlifqldof:eh. phmvhmuGK,eh. ref:yAefqldif.pdkofvhmvhm?
rldof;q[xkdifwD;bldif:rhmpof:? pof:vh;omef;vh;rldif:ckdef:bof.
qif,ugh;ykdwf,vmwf;? qif,ugh;Oyf:vSif:seoK;eh (urf:eh.Orf. c[;ygif,oK;
wkdef:yAeferf.rkdof: SUA)/
vgif;qldof:eh.
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MTA)wif:ulef:vlifuof, e[:SSPP/SSA auK.ekdif; rK:Nyf.xlyf:uefaO tkyf,ch;aeuef
wD:zguf;ymifukrfwlef;wD:(ymifukrfOmrfaq<rldif: wh:-bmif:vSif-
rgef:)tefqwf:ylef.rK: rldof;oef:wD; 21-23-09.2013/
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e[:yD 1995 ohm:aOumef:bgwf;zkdef. ohm, MTA bof. e[:Nofrldif: rD:umefckdef:sr:auK,wif;
auKygifumefiof;ikef:yldof; wK,tofvhm:Nrf;Mrf:uefaO tgefNof?
qof;uef:qAwf:yAefNofyof;? zl;cof;yK: rD:qof;'K.vifwif:
qof;cGmefrldif:qldof:eh./ rldof;eef. MTA yh,omif:cldif;yef qkrf:Okduf:rmef</
rldof;eef. qof;'K.vif(qmif:Ol:cBLdef)tefyAefuSrfqgrfpmef (MTA)ykdwf,zldnfoK; uAof,uyf:vgif;ulef:vlif SSPP/SSA vhmvhmauK. whmuGK, eef. ref:yAeferf.rdkof:cgif SUA
aw./ bgef.yldof;oK;rldof;yD< 1969
qof; ckefOK, xkuf,qkrf:Odkuf:rmef<wD.ngyf:? ayK:nK:wD.ngyf:bof.auK; wmif: SUA
trf,rD:wD;ykdif;wD;tdif
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rldof;eef.
qof;'K.vif(qmif:cBL:cBLdef)? qof;vSif:qkdef;(vSBif,qkif:bdif:)Ogif auK.eh.
ugyf;yAefulef:uof, e[:wyf.Okduf:sc,zlduf,( KMT)aOrK:yAefzl;tof cmof,yefwyf.Okduf: KMTawK,xkdif 1993 tgefwmif:yh,omif:cldif;
OgifOmrfyD</ vgif;tefvh;bkdof:whm ulef:vlif SSPP/SSA eef. rldof;eef. ugyf;pof:cK; bl,yK;w[;
acK;qD.Oifxh,oef(sc,zlduf,)sv; pof:trf,qmif<pAwf:pkdof? uK;vh;
pAwf:qgrf:acK;qD.Oif,oK;eh/
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KMT)yK:wif:zkdefvduf;zkdefvhm:
tefwSrf;oh. vduf;sc,wif:OAif;/ zgif:eef. SSPP/SSA Orf.yAeftlnf:vDuef wif:
yuy(yK,wD,cgrf,rdof,edwf.rldif:rmef<)aO tofvduf;vhm:wif:rlwf: rgyf;yefwD;
yuy? yuyOrf.Okdyf,tofrgyf;yefsc,(sc,vSif)/ ayK:eef. e[:vduf;vhm:eef.
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'hm, sc,vSifN.uGK,rlwf:/ Ohmvyf.KMTqldof:rD:e[:rldif:sc,auK;
nK:wD.ngyf:uGK,vhmauK.? pAwf:P;umefOhmvyf.cgifsc,zlduf, vl.ughuGK,urf:vAof/
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wmif:xh,oef(sc,zlduf,)ckdef:clef.pKildef;iof;ref:aO N.oK;vkuf.wD;SSA rK:? wmif:xh,oef qif,qD.Oif,wD; SUA P;tofvldif;ulef:vlifSSA? zgif: eef. SUA auK; trf,qmif<pAwf:pkdof? uK;vh;pAwf:qgrf:/
rldof;eef. atK:qK, cgifxh,oef Okifoh./ Nrf,irf:yK:e[:rldif:xh:urf;zgif;oK;eh/
uAof,uyf:vgif;eh. wmif: qof;uhm,'K.auK; vmwf;oK; q[;aw./ ref:yAef
zgif:pof:cK;wkduf.bkdof:uef wif: qkrf:Okduf:rmef</ ulnf:uK;
tefbkdof:uefwif:Okduf:rmef<aO wD.vh;Ohmvyf.sc, zlduf,? Nyf;bkdwf:vh;
zkdefvduf;zkdefvhm:sc,zlduf,qldof:eh. trf,q[;wyf.uofcK;?
yAefwyf.cgifqof;Oldofekrf, wyf.qkrf:(1)? yAefeldofwmif:uK:vK;OAof; e[:su;umif
wmif.bmef: wif:vK;OAof;/ vgif;eh. 'hm,Okduf:wh:y[.bkdof:uK:Okduf:rmef<aO
Nyf; bkdwf:vh;? trf,xmif,trf,xldrfaO bkdwf:vh;ulnf:/ N.aOuGK,bkdof:sv;bkdwf:vh;
trf,q[;/ ulnf:uK; ref:yAefuK:Okduf:rmef<ehsv; y[.bkdof:ulnf: Orf.yK:rK:Ohm
vyf.sc,zlduf,qgrf: oK;eh/
vgif;eh.
uK;ylef.rK: rD:ulef:urf;erfxmif,xldrfoK; SUA yAefOhmvyf.rmef<? rmef<qmif;cofpAwf:/
ulnf:uK; ref:trf,q[;? wD;aw.ref: yAefuGmrf:Oif,sc, zlduf,xhoef oK;ehbof./
vkuf.wD;tofrK:-OSefyhm:?
Ogh.(1)? rhm(6)? eK;vduf; 10/
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